CH # 12: Circulatory System Flashcards
1
Q
WBC’s that lack granules in the cytoplasm
A
Agranulocytes
2
Q
Substances produced by the body that inactivate or destroy other substances that r introduced in2 the body; immunoglobulins
A
Antibodies
3
Q
2 names 4 immunity that is the result of B-cell action and the production of antibodies
A
Antibody-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
4
Q
Substances that trigger an immune response when they r introduced in2 the body
A
Antigens
5
Q
Thin-walled chambers of the heart that receive blood from veins
A
Atria/atrium
6
Q
Valves between the atria and ventricles in the heart
A
Atrioventricular valves
7
Q
A complete heartbeat consisting of 1 contraction and relaxation of both atria and both ventricules
A
Cardiac cycle
8
Q
Immunity that is the result of T-cell action
A
Cell-mediated immunity
9
Q
The process of blood clotting
A
Coagulation
10
Q
2 names 4 cardiac muscle cells specialized 4 conducting action potentials 2 the myocardium; part of the conduction system of the heart
A
Conduction myofibers
Purkinje fibers
11
Q
The process by which WBC’s squeeze between the cells in a vessel wall 2 enter the tissue spaces found outside the blood vessel
A
Diapedesis
12
Q
Relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle; opposite of systole
A
Diastole
13
Q
The thin, smooth inner lining of each chamber of the heart
A
Endocardium
14
Q
The outer layer of the heart wall; visceral pericardium
A
Epicardium
15
Q
RBC’s
A
Erythrocytes
16
Q
The process of RBC formation
A
Erythropoiesis
17
Q
A hormone released by the kidneys that stimulates RBC production
A
Erythropoietin
18
Q
2 names 4 RBC production, which occurs in the red bone marrow
A
Hematopoiesis
Hemopoiesis
19
Q
A stem cell in the bone marrow from which RBC’s arise
A
Hemocytoblast
20
Q
The iron-containing protein in RBC’s that is responsible 4 the transport of oxygen
A
Hemoglobin
21
Q
The control or stopping of bleeding
A
Hemostasis
22
Q
Substances produced by the body the inactivate or destroy other substances that r introduced in2 the body; antibodies
A
Immunoglobulins
23
Q
WBC’s
A
Leukocytes
24
Q
Large phagocytic connective tissue cell that functions in immune responses; name given 2 a monocyte after it leaves the blood and enters the tissues
A
Macrophages
25
A large cell that contributes 2 the formation of platelets
Magakaryocytes
26
Middle layer of the heart wall; composed of cardiac tissue
Myocardium
27
Body's ability 2 counteract all types of harmful agents
Nonspecific defense mechanisms
28
Small space around the heart, between the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium that contains a small amount of serous fluid 4 lubrication
Pericardial cavity
29
Membrane that surrounds the heart; usually refers 2 the pericardial sac
Pericardium
30
The pathway that takes blood from the right side of the heart 2 the lungs and then returns it 2 the left side of the heart
Pulmonary circulation
31
A substance produced by the kidneys that activates erythropoietin 2 stimulate the production of RBC's
Renal erythropoietic factor
32
Bodies ability 2 counteract the effects of pathogens and other harmful agents
Resistance
33
The collecting duct of the lymphatic system that collects lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body
Right lymphatic duct
34
Valves between the ventricles of the heart and the vessels that carry blood away from the ventricles; also pertains 2 valves in veins
Semilunar valves
35
Activities of the body that counteract certain types of harmful agents
Specific defense mechanisms
36
Lack of resistance 2 disease
Susceptibility
37
Pathways that transport blood from the left side of the heart 2 all parts of the body and returns the blood 2 the right atria; excludes pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation
38
Contraction phase of the cardiac cycle; opposite of diastole
Systole
39
The primary collecting duct of the lymphatic system that collects lymph from all regions of the body except the upper right quadrant
Thoracic duct
40
2 names 4 a class of formed elements of the blood; functions in blood clotting
Thrombocytes
Platelets
41
Pumping chambers of the heart; right ventricle pumps blood 2 the lungs and the left ventricle pumps blood in2 systemic circulation
Ventricle
42
This body system is made up of the heart, blood, blood vessels, lymph, lymphatic vessels and lymphatic organs.
Circulatory system
43
Normal adult pumps about 5 L of blood every minute throughout life
Heart
44
Circulatory system is made up of?
Heart, blood vessels and blood
45
The heart pumps _______ liters per minute
5
46
The pointed end of the heart is called the
Apex
47
The space between the lungs where the heart is located is called the
Mediastinum
48
Organs r made shape, not position, so the base of the heart is ____________ 2 the apex
Superior
49
The loose fitting, double layered sac that encloses the heart is called the
Pericardium
50
In general, what does visceral mean when describing 1 of several layers of tissue
The layer that adheres to an organ
51
What is inflammation of the pericardium called
Pericarditis
52
When talking about the heart instead of the pericardium, the visceral pericardium is called the
Epicardium
53
What is the name of the smooth inner lining of the heart wall
Endocardium
54
Ventricle means
Little belly
55
The thick walled chambers that forcefully pump blood out of the heart r called
Ventricles
56
From where do the atria receive blood
Veins
57
What is the name of the partitician that separates the left and right atria
Interatrial septum
58
What is the name of the thick, musclear partition between the left and right ventricles
Interventricular septum
59
What is the name of the valves that prevents backflow of blood from ventricle in2 atria
AV
Atrioventricular valves
60
What valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle
Tricuspid valve
61
Which valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Bicuspid
62
Which side of the heart is responsible 4 the pulmonary circulation
Right side
63
Pulmonary vein carry blood 2 the left
Atrium
64
Where do the coronary arteries branch from
Aorta
65
What establishes the basic rhythm of the heartbeat/pacemaker
SA node
Sinoatrial node
66
What is the contraction of the atria called
Systole
67
The 1st heart sound heard during the cardiac cycle (lubb)
AV valves closing
68
Abnormal heart sounds caused by faulty valves r called
Murmurs
69
What is the primary transport medium in the body that provides nutrients and oxygen 2 cells, as well as, metabolic wastes
Blood
70
Blood cells r formed in red bone
Marrow
71
The intracellular matrix is
Plasma
72
Blood is the only liquid ___________ in the body
Tissue
73
Blood volume in an average adult male r
5-6 liters
74
What r the functions of blood
Transportation, regulation and protection
75
Blood transports carbon dioxide and ____________ _____________ from the tissues 2 the lungs and kidneys 2 b excreated
Nitrogenous wastes
76
Blood helps regulate body temperature by removing heat from the ____________ muscles
Skeletal
77
What forms a thin white layer between the plasma and the RBC's
Buffy coat
78
What % of body weight is blood
8 %
79
What % of blood consists of formed elements
45 %
80
Plasma is _______% water
90
81
Which plasma proteins r the smallest
Albumins
82
Where r the gamma globulins produced
Lymphoid tissue
83
When soluble fibrinogen is converted in2 insoluble fibrin, it forms the foundation of a
Blood clot
84
What is the term of the production of blood cells
Hematopoiesis
85
What is the term 4 a stem cell in the bone marrow from which blood cells develop
Hemocytoblast
86
Who normally has more erythrocytes, males or females
Males
87
What is the name of immature erythrocytes that may b found in circulating blood
Reticuulocytes
88
Hemoglobin is a protein w/a heme molecule that contains _________ which causes the blood 2 b red
Iron
89
What is the name of the hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production
Erythropoietin
90
What is the lifespan of an erythrocyte
120 days
91
Do WBC's also lose their nuclei
No
92
Which leukocytes have granules in the cytoplasm? Name 3.
Neutrophils, Eosinophils and Basophils
93
What is the 1st leukocyte 2 respond 2 tissue damage
Neutrophils
94
What leukocyte neutralizes histamine and increases during allergic reactions
Eosinophils
95
Which leukocytes leave the blood and enter the tissues 2 engulf bacteria and cellular debris
Monocytes
96
Thrombocytes r called cell fragments because they ƒorm from the breakdown of
Megakaryocytes
97
Which vessels carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
98
What is the smallest and most numerous of the blood vessels
Capillaries
99
Circulatory system is made up of?
Heart, blood vessels and blood
100
The heart pumps _______ liters per minute
5
101
The pointed end of the heart is called the
Apex
102
The space between the lungs where the heart is located is called the
Mediastinum
103
Organs r made shape, not position, so the base of the heart is ____________ 2 the apex
Superior
104
The loose fitting, double layered sac that encloses the heart is called the
Pericardium
105
In general, what does visceral mean when describing 1 of several layers of tissue
The layer that adheres to an organ
106
What is inflammation of the pericardium called
Pericarditis
107
When talking about the heart instead of the pericardium, the visceral pericardium is called the
Epicardium
108
What is the name of the smooth inner lining of the heart wall
Endocardium
109
Ventricle means
Little belly
110
The thick walled chambers that forcefully pump blood out of the heart r called
Ventricles
111
From where do the atria receive blood
Veins
112
What is the name of the partitician that separates the left and right atria
Interatrial septum
113
What is the name of the thick, musclear partition between the left and right ventricles
Interventricular septum
114
What is the name of the valves that prevents backflow of blood from ventricle in2 atria
AV
Atrioventricular valves
115
What valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle
Tricuspid valve
116
Which valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Bicuspid
117
Which side of the heart is responsible 4 the pulmonary circulation
Right side
118
Pulmonary vein carry blood 2 the left
Atrium
119
Where do the coronary arteries branch from
Aorta
120
What establishes the basic rhythm of the heartbeat/pacemaker
SA node
Sinoatrial node
121
What is the contraction of the atria called
Systole
122
The 1st heart sound heard during the cardiac cycle (lubb)
AV valves closing
123
Abnormal heart sounds caused by faulty valves r called
Murmurs
124
What is the primary transport medium in the body that provides nutrients and oxygen 2 cells, as well as, metabolic wastes
Blood
125
Blood cells r formed in red bone
Marrow
126
The intracellular matrix is
Plasma
127
Blood is the only liquid ___________ in the body
Tissue
128
Blood volume in an average adult male r
5-6 liters
129
What r the functions of blood
Transportation, regulation and protection
130
Blood transports carbon dioxide and ____________ _____________ from the tissues 2 the lungs and kidneys 2 b excreated
Nitrogenous wastes
131
Blood helps regulate body temperature by removing heat from the ____________ muscles
Skeletal
132
What forms a thin white layer between the plasma and the RBC's
Buffy coat
133
What % of body weight is blood
8 %
134
What % of blood consists of formed elements
45 %
135
Plasma is _______% water
90
136
Which plasma proteins r the smallest
Albumins
137
Where r the gamma globulins produced
Lymphoid tissue
138
When soluble fibrinogen is converted in2 insoluble fibrin, it forms the foundation of a
Blood clot
139
What is the term of the production of blood cells
Hematopoiesis
140
What is the term 4 a stem cell in the bone marrow from which blood cells develop
Hemocytoblast
141
Who normally has more erythrocytes, males or females
Males
142
What is the name of immature erythrocytes that may b found in circulating blood
Reticuulocytes
143
Hemoglobin is a protein w/a heme molecule that contains _________ which causes the blood 2 b red
Iron
144
What is the name of the hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production
Erythropoietin
145
What is the lifespan of an erythrocyte
120 days
146
Do WBC's also lose their nuclei
No
147
Which leukocytes have granules in the cytoplasm? Name 3.
Neutrophils, Eosinophils and Basophils
148
What is the 1st leukocyte 2 respond 2 tissue damage
Neutrophils
149
What leukocyte neutralizes histamine and increases during allergic reactions
Eosinophils
150
Which leukocytes leave the blood and enter the tissues 2 engulf bacteria and cellular debris
Monocytes
151
Thrombocytes r called cell fragments because they ƒorm from the breakdown of
Megakaryocytes
152
Which vessels carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
153
What is the smallest and most numerous of the blood vessels
Capillaries
