CH # 12: Circulatory System Flashcards
WBC’s that lack granules in the cytoplasm
Agranulocytes
Substances produced by the body that inactivate or destroy other substances that r introduced in2 the body; immunoglobulins
Antibodies
2 names 4 immunity that is the result of B-cell action and the production of antibodies
Antibody-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
Substances that trigger an immune response when they r introduced in2 the body
Antigens
Thin-walled chambers of the heart that receive blood from veins
Atria/atrium
Valves between the atria and ventricles in the heart
Atrioventricular valves
A complete heartbeat consisting of 1 contraction and relaxation of both atria and both ventricules
Cardiac cycle
Immunity that is the result of T-cell action
Cell-mediated immunity
The process of blood clotting
Coagulation
2 names 4 cardiac muscle cells specialized 4 conducting action potentials 2 the myocardium; part of the conduction system of the heart
Conduction myofibers
Purkinje fibers
The process by which WBC’s squeeze between the cells in a vessel wall 2 enter the tissue spaces found outside the blood vessel
Diapedesis
Relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle; opposite of systole
Diastole
The thin, smooth inner lining of each chamber of the heart
Endocardium
The outer layer of the heart wall; visceral pericardium
Epicardium
RBC’s
Erythrocytes
The process of RBC formation
Erythropoiesis
A hormone released by the kidneys that stimulates RBC production
Erythropoietin
2 names 4 RBC production, which occurs in the red bone marrow
Hematopoiesis
Hemopoiesis
A stem cell in the bone marrow from which RBC’s arise
Hemocytoblast
The iron-containing protein in RBC’s that is responsible 4 the transport of oxygen
Hemoglobin
The control or stopping of bleeding
Hemostasis
Substances produced by the body the inactivate or destroy other substances that r introduced in2 the body; antibodies
Immunoglobulins
WBC’s
Leukocytes
Large phagocytic connective tissue cell that functions in immune responses; name given 2 a monocyte after it leaves the blood and enters the tissues
Macrophages
A large cell that contributes 2 the formation of platelets
Magakaryocytes
Middle layer of the heart wall; composed of cardiac tissue
Myocardium
Body’s ability 2 counteract all types of harmful agents
Nonspecific defense mechanisms
Small space around the heart, between the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium that contains a small amount of serous fluid 4 lubrication
Pericardial cavity
Membrane that surrounds the heart; usually refers 2 the pericardial sac
Pericardium
The pathway that takes blood from the right side of the heart 2 the lungs and then returns it 2 the left side of the heart
Pulmonary circulation
A substance produced by the kidneys that activates erythropoietin 2 stimulate the production of RBC’s
Renal erythropoietic factor
Bodies ability 2 counteract the effects of pathogens and other harmful agents
Resistance
The collecting duct of the lymphatic system that collects lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body
Right lymphatic duct
Valves between the ventricles of the heart and the vessels that carry blood away from the ventricles; also pertains 2 valves in veins
Semilunar valves
Activities of the body that counteract certain types of harmful agents
Specific defense mechanisms
Lack of resistance 2 disease
Susceptibility
Pathways that transport blood from the left side of the heart 2 all parts of the body and returns the blood 2 the right atria; excludes pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation
Contraction phase of the cardiac cycle; opposite of diastole
Systole
The primary collecting duct of the lymphatic system that collects lymph from all regions of the body except the upper right quadrant
Thoracic duct
2 names 4 a class of formed elements of the blood; functions in blood clotting
Thrombocytes
Platelets
Pumping chambers of the heart; right ventricle pumps blood 2 the lungs and the left ventricle pumps blood in2 systemic circulation
Ventricle
This body system is made up of the heart, blood, blood vessels, lymph, lymphatic vessels and lymphatic organs.
Circulatory system
Normal adult pumps about 5 L of blood every minute throughout life
Heart
Circulatory system is made up of?
Heart, blood vessels and blood
The heart pumps _______ liters per minute
5
The pointed end of the heart is called the
Apex
The space between the lungs where the heart is located is called the
Mediastinum
Organs r made shape, not position, so the base of the heart is ____________ 2 the apex
Superior
The loose fitting, double layered sac that encloses the heart is called the
Pericardium
In general, what does visceral mean when describing 1 of several layers of tissue
The layer that adheres to an organ
What is inflammation of the pericardium called
Pericarditis
When talking about the heart instead of the pericardium, the visceral pericardium is called the
Epicardium
What is the name of the smooth inner lining of the heart wall
Endocardium
Ventricle means
Little belly
The thick walled chambers that forcefully pump blood out of the heart r called
Ventricles
From where do the atria receive blood
Veins
What is the name of the partitician that separates the left and right atria
Interatrial septum
What is the name of the thick, musclear partition between the left and right ventricles
Interventricular septum
What is the name of the valves that prevents backflow of blood from ventricle in2 atria
AV
Atrioventricular valves
What valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Which valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Bicuspid
Which side of the heart is responsible 4 the pulmonary circulation
Right side
Pulmonary vein carry blood 2 the left
Atrium
Where do the coronary arteries branch from
Aorta
What establishes the basic rhythm of the heartbeat/pacemaker
SA node
Sinoatrial node
What is the contraction of the atria called
Systole
The 1st heart sound heard during the cardiac cycle (lubb)
AV valves closing
Abnormal heart sounds caused by faulty valves r called
Murmurs
What is the primary transport medium in the body that provides nutrients and oxygen 2 cells, as well as, metabolic wastes
Blood
Blood cells r formed in red bone
Marrow
The intracellular matrix is
Plasma
Blood is the only liquid ___________ in the body
Tissue
Blood volume in an average adult male r
5-6 liters
What r the functions of blood
Transportation, regulation and protection
Blood transports carbon dioxide and ____________ _____________ from the tissues 2 the lungs and kidneys 2 b excreated
Nitrogenous wastes
Blood helps regulate body temperature by removing heat from the ____________ muscles
Skeletal
What forms a thin white layer between the plasma and the RBC’s
Buffy coat
What % of body weight is blood
8 %
What % of blood consists of formed elements
45 %
Plasma is _______% water
90
Which plasma proteins r the smallest
Albumins
Where r the gamma globulins produced
Lymphoid tissue
When soluble fibrinogen is converted in2 insoluble fibrin, it forms the foundation of a
Blood clot
What is the term of the production of blood cells
Hematopoiesis
What is the term 4 a stem cell in the bone marrow from which blood cells develop
Hemocytoblast
Who normally has more erythrocytes, males or females
Males
What is the name of immature erythrocytes that may b found in circulating blood
Reticuulocytes
Hemoglobin is a protein w/a heme molecule that contains _________ which causes the blood 2 b red
Iron
What is the name of the hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production
Erythropoietin
What is the lifespan of an erythrocyte
120 days
Do WBC’s also lose their nuclei
No
Which leukocytes have granules in the cytoplasm? Name 3.
Neutrophils, Eosinophils and Basophils
What is the 1st leukocyte 2 respond 2 tissue damage
Neutrophils
What leukocyte neutralizes histamine and increases during allergic reactions
Eosinophils
Which leukocytes leave the blood and enter the tissues 2 engulf bacteria and cellular debris
Monocytes
Thrombocytes r called cell fragments because they ƒorm from the breakdown of
Megakaryocytes
Which vessels carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
What is the smallest and most numerous of the blood vessels
Capillaries
Circulatory system is made up of?
Heart, blood vessels and blood
The heart pumps _______ liters per minute
5
The pointed end of the heart is called the
Apex
The space between the lungs where the heart is located is called the
Mediastinum
Organs r made shape, not position, so the base of the heart is ____________ 2 the apex
Superior
The loose fitting, double layered sac that encloses the heart is called the
Pericardium
In general, what does visceral mean when describing 1 of several layers of tissue
The layer that adheres to an organ
What is inflammation of the pericardium called
Pericarditis
When talking about the heart instead of the pericardium, the visceral pericardium is called the
Epicardium
What is the name of the smooth inner lining of the heart wall
Endocardium
Ventricle means
Little belly
The thick walled chambers that forcefully pump blood out of the heart r called
Ventricles
From where do the atria receive blood
Veins
What is the name of the partitician that separates the left and right atria
Interatrial septum
What is the name of the thick, musclear partition between the left and right ventricles
Interventricular septum
What is the name of the valves that prevents backflow of blood from ventricle in2 atria
AV
Atrioventricular valves
What valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Which valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Bicuspid
Which side of the heart is responsible 4 the pulmonary circulation
Right side
Pulmonary vein carry blood 2 the left
Atrium
Where do the coronary arteries branch from
Aorta
What establishes the basic rhythm of the heartbeat/pacemaker
SA node
Sinoatrial node
What is the contraction of the atria called
Systole
The 1st heart sound heard during the cardiac cycle (lubb)
AV valves closing
Abnormal heart sounds caused by faulty valves r called
Murmurs
What is the primary transport medium in the body that provides nutrients and oxygen 2 cells, as well as, metabolic wastes
Blood
Blood cells r formed in red bone
Marrow
The intracellular matrix is
Plasma
Blood is the only liquid ___________ in the body
Tissue
Blood volume in an average adult male r
5-6 liters
What r the functions of blood
Transportation, regulation and protection
Blood transports carbon dioxide and ____________ _____________ from the tissues 2 the lungs and kidneys 2 b excreated
Nitrogenous wastes
Blood helps regulate body temperature by removing heat from the ____________ muscles
Skeletal
What forms a thin white layer between the plasma and the RBC’s
Buffy coat
What % of body weight is blood
8 %
What % of blood consists of formed elements
45 %
Plasma is _______% water
90
Which plasma proteins r the smallest
Albumins
Where r the gamma globulins produced
Lymphoid tissue
When soluble fibrinogen is converted in2 insoluble fibrin, it forms the foundation of a
Blood clot
What is the term of the production of blood cells
Hematopoiesis
What is the term 4 a stem cell in the bone marrow from which blood cells develop
Hemocytoblast
Who normally has more erythrocytes, males or females
Males
What is the name of immature erythrocytes that may b found in circulating blood
Reticuulocytes
Hemoglobin is a protein w/a heme molecule that contains _________ which causes the blood 2 b red
Iron
What is the name of the hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production
Erythropoietin
What is the lifespan of an erythrocyte
120 days
Do WBC’s also lose their nuclei
No
Which leukocytes have granules in the cytoplasm? Name 3.
Neutrophils, Eosinophils and Basophils
What is the 1st leukocyte 2 respond 2 tissue damage
Neutrophils
What leukocyte neutralizes histamine and increases during allergic reactions
Eosinophils
Which leukocytes leave the blood and enter the tissues 2 engulf bacteria and cellular debris
Monocytes
Thrombocytes r called cell fragments because they ƒorm from the breakdown of
Megakaryocytes
Which vessels carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
What is the smallest and most numerous of the blood vessels
Capillaries
