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Today's Medical Assistant > CH # 19: Vital Signs > Flashcards

CH # 19: Vital Signs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Temperature range of 97F - 99 F however the younger the age= the higher the normal temp, infants can b as high as 100*F

A

Normal body temperature range

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2
Q

Sound caused by the heart contracting

Rate is obtained by counting beats per min (Bpm)

10 Sites: radial, apical, brachial, ulnar, temporal, carotid, femoral,
popliteal, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis

A

Pulse

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3
Q

Can effect frequency: age (inverse of age)
gender (women slightly +)
physical activity (causes temporary +)
emotional state (strong states cause
temporary +)
metabolism (+)
fever (+)
medication (alters both + and -)

A

Pulse affecting factors

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4
Q

A pulse site on the thumb side of the wrist

A

Radial

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5
Q

A pulse site that is over the heart and so its the strongest beat site

Go 2 site 4 infants - 3 years old children

Always use a stethoscope: place over apex of heart
go 2 left side of the 5th intercostal
along midclavicular line

A

Apical

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6
Q

A pulse site located in the inner crease of the elbow

Used 2 obtain BP, measure site 4 infants during cardiac arrest,
acess circulation state of left arm

A

Brachial

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7
Q

A pulse site located on the little finger side of the wrist

Used 2 access circulation state of the right hand

A

Ulnar

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8
Q

A pulse site located in front of the ear and just above eye level

Use when radial pulse is inaccessible or 4 children

A

Temporal

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9
Q

A pulse site located on the anterior side of the neck, slightly 2 one side of the midline

Best way 2 find pulse quickly and during cardiac arrest

A

Carotid

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10
Q

A pulse site located in the midline of the groin

Use 2 find pulse during cardiac arrest

Used 2 access the circulation status of the lower leg

A

Femoral

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11
Q

A pulse site located in the back of the knee bend

When finding keep knee slightly flexed

Used 2 measure BP when brachial location is unaccessible or 2 access the circulation status of the lower leg

A

Popliteal

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12
Q

A pulse site located on the inner aspect of the ankle just posterior 2 the ankle bone

Used 2 access circulation status of the foot

A

Posterior tibial

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13
Q

A pulse site located on the upper surface of the foot between the 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones

Use 2 access the circulation status of the foot

A

Dorsalis pedis

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14
Q

Abnormally fast heart rate of 100+ Bpm ; if over verify at apical pulse site

May indicate disease states such as hemorrhaging or heart disease

A

Tachycardia

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15
Q

Abnormally slow heart rate of under 60 Bpm ; if under verify at apical pulse site

May occur normally during sleep

A

Bradycardia

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16
Q

Divided in2 2 phases: inhalation and exhalation

Exchanges oxygen and carbon-dioxide between the alveolus of the lungs (thin walled sacs)

A type of rate than can b affected by:
Age: age and rate r inverse
Physical activity: temporally +
Emotional state: strong states cause temporally +
Fever: +
Medication: both + or -
A

Respiration rates

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17
Q

Abnormal + in rate and depth of rpm’s

Exhibits very deep, rapid and labored rpm

Occurs when oxygen is inadequate

A

Hyperpnea

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18
Q

Abnormal fast and deep breathing

Associated w/acute anxiety

“Overbreathing” causes dizziness and weakness

A

Hyperventilation

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19
Q

Abnormal decrease in rate and depth

Depth is 1/2 of normal breath

Occurs w/sleep disorders

A

Hypopnea

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20
Q

Reduction of oxygen supply 2 tissues

Causes cyanosis (bluish discoloration)

A

Hypoxia

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21
Q

Temporary absence of breathing

A

Apnea

“Sleep apnea”

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22
Q

Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath

Occurs normally during physical exertion

A

Dyspnea

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23
Q

A device 2 measure and display the oxygen saturation of the blood

Painless and noninvasive procedure used 2 measure the oxygen saturation of the hemoglobin in the arterial blood

Normal: 95% - 99%
>95% : not enough oxygen reaching body tissues
85% - 90% : respiratory failure
75% : cyanosis appears
>70% : life threatening
A

Pulse oximeter

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24
Q

Measurement of the pressure or force excreted by the blood on the walls of the arteries

A

Blood pressure

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25
Q

The point of maximum pressure on the arterial walls

Upper # in BP fraction

A

Systolic pressure

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26
Q

The point of lesser pressure on the arterial wall

Lower # in BP fraction

A

Diastolic pressure

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27
Q

Abnormally high BP

Results from excessive pressure on the walls of the ateries

Systolic BP 140+ mmHg

A

Hypertension

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28
Q

Abnormally low BP

Results from reduced pressure on the arterial walls

BP > 95/60 mm Hg

Affecting factors: age; + w/age
gender; after puberty women have lower BP
after menopause women have higher BP
diurnal; fluctuation during the coarse of the day
emotional states; strong states increase BP
exercise; temporary +
body position; causes both + and -

If other than sitting note in records

A

Hypotension

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29
Q

The tapping sound when measuring BP w/a stethoscope

A

Korotkoff sounds

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30
Q

Abnormal breath sounds

A

Adventitious sounds

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30
Q

W/out fever: the body temperature is normal

A

Afebrile

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31
Q

A thin-walled air sac of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

A

Alveolus

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32
Q

The space located at the front of the elbow

A

Antecubital space

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33
Q

An agent that reduces fever

A

Antipyretic

34
Q

The major trunk of the arterial system of the body

It arises from the upper surface of the left ventricle

A

Aorta

35
Q

The name for the area of the armpit

A

Axilla

36
Q

A pulse w/a increased volume that feels very strong and full

A

Bounding pulse

37
Q

An abnormal decrease in the respiratory rate

Anything less that 10 rpm

A

Bradypnea

38
Q

A tempature scale in which the freezing point of water is 100 degrees

A

Celsius

39
Q

The transfer of energy from 1 object 2 another by direct contact; heat can b transferred from the body 2 a cooler object it touches

A

Conduction

40
Q

The transfer of energy through air currents; cool air currents can cause the body 2 lose heat

A

Convection

41
Q

A sudden falling of an elevated body temperature 2 normal

A

Crisis

42
Q

The bluish discoloration of the skin and mucus membranes

A

Cyanosis

43
Q

The phase in the cardiac cycle in which the heart relaxes between contractions

A

Diastole

44
Q

2 names 4 an irregular rythem

A

Dysrhythmia

Arrhythmia

45
Q

Normal respiration that is even and regular and the depth is normal

Rpm of 16-20

A

Eupnea

46
Q

The act of breathing out

A

Exhalation

47
Q

A temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 32 degrees and the boiling point of water is 212 degrees

A

Fahrenheit

48
Q

Pertaining 2 fever

A

Febrile

49
Q

A body temperature that is above normal

A

Fever

50
Q

The midline fold that connects the undersurface of the tongue w/the floor of the mouth

A

Frenulum

51
Q

An extremely high fever that is generally fatal

A temperature of greater that 109.4*F

A

Hyperpyrexia

52
Q

An abnormal decrease in the rate and depth of respiration

A

Hypopnea

53
Q

A body temperature that is below normal

Temperatures below 97*F

A

Hypothermia

54
Q

A decrease in the oxygen saturation of the blood

May lead 2 hypoxia

A

Hypoxemia

55
Q

The act of breathing in

A

Inhalation

56
Q

The name 4 the area between the ribs

A

Intercostal

57
Q

A vague sense of body discomfort, weakness and fatigue that often marks that usually marks the onset of a disease and continues through the corse of the illness

A

Malaise

58
Q

An instrument 4 measuring pressure

A

Manometer

59
Q

The curved surface on a column of liquid in a tube

A

Meniscus

60
Q

The condition in which breathing is easier when an individual is a sitting or standing position

A

Orthopnea

61
Q

The use of a pulse oximeter measure the oxygen saturation of arterial blood

A

Pulse oximetry

62
Q

The difference between the systolic and diastolic number pressures (systolic # - diastolic #)

A

Pulse pressure

63
Q

The time interval between heartbeats

A

Pulse rhythm

64
Q

The strength of the heartbeat

A

Pulse volume

65
Q

The transfer of energy in the form of waves; body heat is continually putting out heat waves in2 cooler surroundings

A

Radiation

66
Q

The abbreviation of the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated w/oxygen in arterial blood

A

SaO2

Saturation of arterial oxygen

67
Q

An instrument 4 measuring arterial blood pressure

A

Sphygmomanometer

68
Q

The abbreviation 4 the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated w/oxygen in arterial blood as measured by a pulse oximeter

A

SpO2

Saturation of peripheral oxygen

69
Q

An instrument used 4 amplifying and hearing sounds produced by the body

A

Stethoscope

70
Q

The phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract sending blood out of the heart and in2 the aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

Systole

71
Q

An abnormal increase in the respiratory rate of more then 20 rpm

A

Tachypnea

72
Q

Temperature range of 99F - 100.4F

A

Fever/pyrexia

73
Q

Name 4 when the body temperature 1st begins 2 increase during fever

A

Onset

74
Q

A body temperature site that is the most convenient and mostly used site

If there isn’t a notation in the records of where the body temp was taken, u assume that it was taken at this site

A

Oral

75
Q

A body temperature site that is taken in the armpit

This is the most recommended site 4 toddlers and preschoolers

This site should b used 4 mouth breathing patients and those who have mouth inflammation due 2 oral surgery

A

Axillary

76
Q

A body temperature site that is the most accurate because few factors can alter the results

Temperature is 1*F above oral temp

Mainly used 4 infants(EXCEPT newborns), young children, unconscious patients and mouth breathing patients

A

Rectal

77
Q

A body temperature site that is taken in the ear using the tympanic membrane thermometer that gives instantaneous results

The most comfortable site 4 patients

This site should b used 4 those under 6 years old, uncooperative patients and 4 patients that r unable 2 have their temp taken orally

A

Aural

78
Q

A body temperature site that is taken on the forehead and down the neck

Measures 1*F lower than oral

This site can b used 4 all ages

A

Temporal

79
Q

This type of bpm assessment is taken at 2 locations at the same time 4 a full minute; locations r over the heart and on the thumb side of the wrist

This method is used 2 determine whether a pulse deficit is present

A

Apical-radial pulse

80
Q

Name 4 when the apical pulse rate is different than the radial pulse rate

The bpm at both locations r done at the same time

This indicates an inefficient contraction of a heart that is not strong enough 2 transmit a pulse wave 2 the peripheral pulse site

A

Pulse deficit

81
Q

An adjective used 2 describe a fast heart rate

A pulse w/a decreased volume that feels weak and thin

A

Thready pulse

82
Q

An adjective used 2 describe a pulse that is extremely strong and full

A

Bounding pulse

Today's Medical Assistant (46 decks)

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