CH # 13: Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Microscopic dilations of terminal bronchioles in the lungs, where diffusion of gases takes place; air sacs in the lungs

Made up of simple squamous epithelium which permits rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

External respiration occurs in the capillaries across the walls of this structure

A

Alveoli

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2
Q

The airways that r formed when the trachea branches

A

Bronchi

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3
Q

The bronchi and all their branches that function as passageways between the trachea and the alveoli

A

Bronchial tree

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4
Q

Exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood

A

External respiration

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5
Q

Opening of the oral cavity in2 the oropharynx

A

Fauces

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6
Q

Exchange of gases between the blood and tissue cells

A

Internal respiration

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7
Q

Portion of the pharynx that is behind the larynx and extends from the level the hyoid bone 2 the lower margin of the larynx

A

Laryngopharynx

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8
Q

2 names 4 a passageway 4 air between the pharynx and trachea

Formed by 9 cartilage that r connected 2 one another by muscles and ligaments

3 largest cartilages:

1) thyroid cartilage; Adam’s apple
2) cricoid cartilage
3) epiglottis

Muscles and ligaments:

1) vestibular folds; false vocal cords
2) true vocal cords
3) glottis

A

Larynx

Voice box

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9
Q

Portion of the respiratory tract that is inferior 2 the larynx; includes the trachea, bronchial tree and the lungs

A

Lower respiratory tract

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10
Q

Portion of the pharynx that is posterior to the nasal cavities; extends from the base of the skull2 the uvula

Mucus membrane is similar to the lining of the nasal cavity

Eustachian tubes extend in2 the 2 middle ear cavities and tries 2 equalize the air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

A

Nasopharynx

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11
Q

Portion of the pharynx that is posterior 2 the oral cavity; extends from the uvula 2 the hyoid bone

A

Oropharynx

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12
Q

Passageway 4 air and food; extends from the base of the skull 2 the larynx and esophagus; throat

Serves both the respiratory and digestive systems

Divided in2 3 parts:

1) nasopharynx
2) oropharynx
3) laryngopharynx

A

Pharynx

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13
Q

2 layered serous membranes that line the ribs(partial layer) and surrounds the lungs(visceral layer)

A

Pleura

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14
Q

The small space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura

A

Pleural cavity

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15
Q

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the body cells

A

Respiration

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16
Q

Any surface in the lungs where diffusion occurs; consists of the layers that the gases must pass through 2 get in2 or out of the alveoli

A

Respiratory membrane

17
Q

A substance produced by certain cells in the lung tissue that reduces surface tension between fluid molecules that line the respiratory membrane and helps keep the alveolus from collapsing

A

Surfactant

18
Q

2 names 4 a passageway 4 air that extends inferiorly 2 the carina where it branches in2 the bronchi

A

Trachea

Windpipe

19
Q

Portion of the respiratory tract that includes the nose, pharynx and larynx

A

Upper respiratory tract

20
Q

Movement of air in2 and out of the lungs; breathing

A

Ventilation

21
Q

2 names 4 the upper ligaments of the larynx

Works with epiglottis 2 prevent food particles from entering the lower respiratory tract

A

Vestibular folds

False vocal cords

22
Q

2 names 4 a projection of cartilage w/in the throat

More pronounced in males than females

A

Thyroid cartilage

Adam’s apple

23
Q

Breathing; inhalation and exhalation

Air flows because of pressure differences between the atmosphere and the gases inside the lungs

A

Pulmonary respiration

24
Q

Lines the wall of the thorax

A

Parietal pleura

25
Made up of a group of neurons in the pons and the medulla oblongata of the brain stem Controls the rate and depth of breathing
Respiratory center
26
The process of taking air in2 the lungs Active phase of ventilation because it is the result of muscle contraction; the diaphragm contracts causes it 2 drop or become flatter Atmospheric pressure causes the air to flow from the the region of higher atmospheric pressure outside the body in2 the region of lower pressure inside the lungs
Inhalation
27
The process of letting air out of the lungs As diaphragm relaxes, the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases 2 its normal resting size Air flows from the region of higher pressure w/in the lungs 2 the region of lower pressure outside the body until the 2 pressures r =
Exhalation
28
These 2 cone-shaped sacs rests on the diaphragm and occupies most of the space in the thoracic cavity and r separated by the mediastinum(contains the heart) They r soft and spongy because the r mostly air spaces surounded by the alveolar cells and elastic connective tissue Right sac is shorter, broader and has a greater volume than the left sac. It is divided in2 3 lobes by 2 fissures: 1) superior 2) middle 3) inferior Left sac is longer and narrower than the right sac and has an indentation called the cardiac notch. It is divided in2 2 lobes by a single fissure
Lungs
29
Divided in2 2 tubes that connect the trachea 2 the lungs Inside the lungs they branch off several times in2 smaller and smaller passages
Bronchioles
30
leaf-shaped flap of cartilage located behind the tounge at the top of the larynx functions to seal off the windpipe during eating
Epiglottis
31
at the opening in between the 2 sections of the true vocal cords functions are 2 produce sound
Glottis
32
Forms the floor of the nasal cavity and separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity Divides in2 2 areas; hard and soft -hard: supported by bone -soft: no bony support, terminates in2 a projection called the uvula which helps direct food in2 the oropharynx
Plates
33
Divides the nasal cavity in2 2parts
Nasal septum
34
Propels mucus w/trapped particles towards the pharaynx where it is eventually digested
Cilia