CH # 13: Respiratory System

Question 1

Microscopic dilations of terminal bronchioles in the lungs, where diffusion of gases takes place; air sacs in the lungs

Made up of simple squamous epithelium which permits rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

External respiration occurs in the capillaries across the walls of this structure

Answer 1

Alveoli

Question 2

The airways that r formed when the trachea branches

Answer 2

Bronchi

Question 3

The bronchi and all their branches that function as passageways between the trachea and the alveoli

Answer 3

Bronchial tree

Question 4

Exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood

Answer 4

External respiration

Question 5

Opening of the oral cavity in2 the oropharynx

Answer 5

Fauces

Question 6

Exchange of gases between the blood and tissue cells

Answer 6

Internal respiration

Question 7

Portion of the pharynx that is behind the larynx and extends from the level the hyoid bone 2 the lower margin of the larynx

Answer 7

Laryngopharynx

Question 8

2 names 4 a passageway 4 air between the pharynx and trachea

Formed by 9 cartilage that r connected 2 one another by muscles and ligaments

3 largest cartilages:

1) thyroid cartilage; Adam’s apple
2) cricoid cartilage
3) epiglottis

Muscles and ligaments:

1) vestibular folds; false vocal cords
2) true vocal cords
3) glottis

Answer 8

Larynx

Voice box

Question 9

Portion of the respiratory tract that is inferior 2 the larynx; includes the trachea, bronchial tree and the lungs

Answer 9

Lower respiratory tract

Question 10

Portion of the pharynx that is posterior to the nasal cavities; extends from the base of the skull2 the uvula

Mucus membrane is similar to the lining of the nasal cavity

Eustachian tubes extend in2 the 2 middle ear cavities and tries 2 equalize the air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

Answer 10

Nasopharynx

Question 11

Portion of the pharynx that is posterior 2 the oral cavity; extends from the uvula 2 the hyoid bone

Answer 11

Oropharynx

Question 12

Passageway 4 air and food; extends from the base of the skull 2 the larynx and esophagus; throat

Serves both the respiratory and digestive systems

Divided in2 3 parts:

1) nasopharynx
2) oropharynx
3) laryngopharynx

Answer 12

Pharynx

Question 13

2 layered serous membranes that line the ribs(partial layer) and surrounds the lungs(visceral layer)

Answer 13

Pleura

Question 14

The small space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura

Answer 14

Pleural cavity

Question 15

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the body cells

Answer 15

Respiration

Question 16

Any surface in the lungs where diffusion occurs; consists of the layers that the gases must pass through 2 get in2 or out of the alveoli

Answer 16

Respiratory membrane

Question 17

A substance produced by certain cells in the lung tissue that reduces surface tension between fluid molecules that line the respiratory membrane and helps keep the alveolus from collapsing

Answer 17

Surfactant

Question 18

2 names 4 a passageway 4 air that extends inferiorly 2 the carina where it branches in2 the bronchi

Answer 18

Trachea

Windpipe

Question 19

Portion of the respiratory tract that includes the nose, pharynx and larynx

Answer 19

Upper respiratory tract

Question 20

Movement of air in2 and out of the lungs; breathing

Answer 20

Ventilation

Question 21

2 names 4 the upper ligaments of the larynx

Works with epiglottis 2 prevent food particles from entering the lower respiratory tract

Answer 21

Vestibular folds

False vocal cords

Question 22

2 names 4 a projection of cartilage w/in the throat

More pronounced in males than females

Answer 22

Thyroid cartilage

Adam’s apple

Question 23

Breathing; inhalation and exhalation

Air flows because of pressure differences between the atmosphere and the gases inside the lungs

Answer 23

Pulmonary respiration

Question 24

Lines the wall of the thorax

Answer 24

Parietal pleura

Question 25

Made up of a group of neurons in the pons and the medulla oblongata of the brain stem

Controls the rate and depth of breathing

Answer 25

Respiratory center

Question 26

The process of taking air in2 the lungs

Active phase of ventilation because it is the result of muscle contraction; the diaphragm contracts causes it 2 drop or become flatter

Atmospheric pressure causes the air to flow from the the region of higher atmospheric pressure outside the body in2 the region of lower pressure inside the lungs

Answer 26

Inhalation

Question 27

The process of letting air out of the lungs

As diaphragm relaxes, the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases 2 its normal resting size

Air flows from the region of higher pressure w/in the lungs 2 the region of lower pressure outside the body until the 2 pressures r =

Answer 27

Exhalation

Question 28

These 2 cone-shaped sacs rests on the diaphragm and occupies most of the space in the thoracic cavity and r separated by the mediastinum(contains the heart)

They r soft and spongy because the r mostly air spaces surounded by the alveolar cells and elastic connective tissue

Right sac is shorter, broader and has a greater volume than the left sac. It is divided in2 3 lobes by 2 fissures:

1) superior
2) middle
3) inferior

Left sac is longer and narrower than the right sac and has an indentation called the cardiac notch. It is divided in2 2 lobes by a single fissure

Answer 28

Lungs

Question 29

Divided in2 2 tubes that connect the trachea 2 the lungs

Inside the lungs they branch off several times in2 smaller and smaller passages

Answer 29

Bronchioles

Question 30

leaf-shaped flap of cartilage located behind the tounge at the top of the larynx

functions to seal off the windpipe during eating

Answer 30

Epiglottis

Question 31

at the opening in between the 2 sections of the true vocal cords

functions are 2 produce sound

Answer 31

Glottis

Question 32

Forms the floor of the nasal cavity and separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Divides in2 2 areas; hard and soft
-hard: supported by bone
-soft: no bony support, terminates in2 a projection called the uvula
which helps direct food in2 the oropharynx

Answer 32

Plates

Question 33

Divides the nasal cavity in2 2parts

Answer 33

Nasal septum

Question 34

Propels mucus w/trapped particles towards the pharaynx where it is eventually digested

Answer 34

Cilia