Ch # 35: Nutrition Flashcards
A molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules
Antioxdant
Buildup of fibrous plaques of fatty deposits and cholesterol on the inner walls of an artery that causes narrowing, obstruction and hardening of the artery
Atherosclerosis
The branch of medicine that deals w/the treatment and control of obesity and diseases associated w/obesity
Bariatrics
A white, waxy, fat-like substance that is essential 4 normal functioning of the body
Cholesterol
A protein that contains all the essential amino acids needed by the body
Complete protein
A simple carbohydrate consisting of 2 sugar units
Disaccharide
2 names 4 food that provides calories but few or no nutrients.
Empty calorie food
Low-nutrient density food
An amino acid that is required by the body but cannot b manufactured by the body and must b obtained from food
Essential amino acid
A type of protein found in certain grains like weat, rye and barely
Gluten
The form in which carbohydrate(s) is stored in the body
Glycogen
A protein that lacks 1 or more of the essential amino acids needed by the body
Incomplete protein
The amount of heat needed 2 raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius
It is a measurement of energy that comes from macronutrients which include: carb’s, fat and protein
Kilocalorie
Calorie
A disaccharide that consists of 2 sugar units and is found in milk and milk products
Lactose
A nutrient required in relatively large amounts by the body. This includes carbs, fat and protein.
Macronutrient
A nutrient required in very small amounts by the body.
This includes vitamins and minerals which are not broken down by the body and r used in the form in which they r absorbed.
They do not provide calories 2 yield energy 4 the body but performs other important functions in the body
Micronutrient
A naturally occurring inorganic substance that is essential 2 the proper functioning of the body
Mineral
An amino acid required by the body that can b synthesized by the body in sufficient quantities 2 meet it’s needs
Nonessential amino acids
A chemical substance found in food that is needed by the body 4 survival and well-being
Provides 3 primary functions:
1) provides energy 4 the body
2) build, repair and maintain body tissue
3) assist in the regulation of body processes
6 classes include:
1) carb’s
2) fat
3) protein
4) vitamins
5) minerals
6) water
Nutrient
The study of nutrients in foods including how the body uses them and their relationship 2 health
Nutrition
The application of the science of nutrition 2 promote optimal health and treat illness
Nutrition therapy
A medical condition in which there is an excessive accumulation of body fat 2 the extent 2 which it may have an adverse effect on the health and the well-being of an individual
Obesity
The percent of a nutrient provided by a single serving of a food item compared w/how much is required 4 the entire day
% daily value
A type of fat that is solid at room temperature and comes primarily from animal sources
Saturated fat
The chemical form in which most fat exists in food, as well as in the body
Triglycerides
A type of fat that is liquid at room temperature and comes primarily from plants
Unsaturated fat
An organic compound that is required in small amounts by the body 4 normal growth and development
Vitamin
A type of macronutrients that provide short-term energy fuel and uses fat as a long term fuel
The body prefers 2 use this nutrient as fuel instead of using protein
Primary source of energy 4 the CNS
Food sources:
- pasta
- rice
- bread
- cereal
- potatoes
- fruits
- vegetables
Carbohydrates
Carb’s
A type of macronutrient that
- provides energy 4 the body
- transports fat-soluble vitamins in the body
- provides essential fatty acids 4 the body
Food sources:
- fatty meats
- butter
- cheese
- cream
- whole milk
- egg yolk
- vegetable oils
- nuts
- avocados
Fat
A type of nutrients that r organic compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Daily caloric intake should b 45%-65% of the total daily caloric intake
Carbohydrates
