Bio 20 Review Flashcards
What is the Cell Membrane?
A structure that separates the cell interior from the outside world and controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell
What is the Cytoplasm?
A gel like material consisting mostly of water that contains dissolved materials and creates the chemical environment in which the other cells work
What is the Nucleus?
The command center of the cell that contains the DNA blueprints for making proteins
Is surrounded by a double membrane to protect DNA from damaging byproducts of chemical reactions
What is Chromatin?
Uncoiled chromosomes (DNA)
What is the Nucleolus?
A specialized area of chromatin inside the nucleus responsible for producing ribosomes
What are Ribosomes?
Tiny two-part structures found throughout the cytoplasm that help put together proteins
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
A system of flattened sacs and tubes continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope
What is the function of the Rough ER?
Studded with ribosomes, it synthesizes proteins
What is the function of the Smooth ER?
Synthesizes phospholipids and packages macromolecules in vesicles for transport
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
A stack of flattened membrane bound sacs that receives vesicles from the ER.
What is the purpose of the Golgi Apparatus?
Contains enzymes for modifying proteins and lipids. It then packages finished products into vesicles for transport to the the cell wall or lysosomes
What is the purpose of the Mitochondrion?
Organic molecules are broken down inside a double membrane to release and transfer energy
What is the Lysosome?
A membrane bound vesicle filled with digestive enzymes that break down worn-out cell components or materials brought into the cell
What is a Peroxisome?
A membrane bound vesicle containing enzymes that break down lipids and toxic waste products
What is a Centrosome?
Located near the nucleus, organizes the cell’s microtubules
What is a Vesicle?
A small membrane bound transport sac
What is a Vacuole?
A large membrane bound transport sac for the temporary storage of food, water, or waste
What is a the Cytoskeleton?
A network of 3 types of interconnected fibres that maintain cell shape and allow for movements of the cell parts
What organelles are found only in plant cells?
Chloroplasts
Central vacuole
Cell wall
What organelles are only found in animal cells?
Centrosomes and lysosomes
What is the head of the Phospholipid Bilayer made of?
The head is made of Phosphates and is hydrophilic
What is the tail of the Phospholipid Bilayer made of?
Lipids and is hydrophobic
What is diffusion?
When molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What is osmosis?
The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What is facilitated diffusion?
A type of passive transport where substances are too large to enter the cell so they enter through specific transport proteins
What is active transport?
Using energy to enable a cell to take in a substance against the concentration gradient
What is endocytosis?
A type of active transport when the cell membrane folds inward enclosing a small amount of matter from outside the cell
What is Phagocytosis?
A type of active transport where there is an intake of a large droplet of extracellular fluid by folding the cell membrane
What is Pinocytosis?
A type of active transport where there is the intake of a small droplet of extracellular fluid
What is receptor assisted endocytosis?
A type of active transport, the intake of specific molecules that attach to special proteins in the cell membrane
What is exocytosis?
The process of removing waste from the cell by creating a vesicle and attaching to the cell membrane
