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Biology 30 > Bio 20 Review > Flashcards

Bio 20 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Cell Membrane?

A

A structure that separates the cell interior from the outside world and controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell

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2
Q

What is the Cytoplasm?

A

A gel like material consisting mostly of water that contains dissolved materials and creates the chemical environment in which the other cells work

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3
Q

What is the Nucleus?

A

The command center of the cell that contains the DNA blueprints for making proteins
Is surrounded by a double membrane to protect DNA from damaging byproducts of chemical reactions

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4
Q

What is Chromatin?

A

Uncoiled chromosomes (DNA)

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5
Q

What is the Nucleolus?

A

A specialized area of chromatin inside the nucleus responsible for producing ribosomes

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6
Q

What are Ribosomes?

A

Tiny two-part structures found throughout the cytoplasm that help put together proteins

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7
Q

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

A system of flattened sacs and tubes continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope

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8
Q

What is the function of the Rough ER?

A

Studded with ribosomes, it synthesizes proteins

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9
Q

What is the function of the Smooth ER?

A

Synthesizes phospholipids and packages macromolecules in vesicles for transport

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10
Q

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

A

A stack of flattened membrane bound sacs that receives vesicles from the ER.

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

Contains enzymes for modifying proteins and lipids. It then packages finished products into vesicles for transport to the the cell wall or lysosomes

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the Mitochondrion?

A

Organic molecules are broken down inside a double membrane to release and transfer energy

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13
Q

What is the Lysosome?

A

A membrane bound vesicle filled with digestive enzymes that break down worn-out cell components or materials brought into the cell

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14
Q

What is a Peroxisome?

A

A membrane bound vesicle containing enzymes that break down lipids and toxic waste products

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15
Q

What is a Centrosome?

A

Located near the nucleus, organizes the cell’s microtubules

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16
Q

What is a Vesicle?

A

A small membrane bound transport sac

17
Q

What is a Vacuole?

A

A large membrane bound transport sac for the temporary storage of food, water, or waste

18
Q

What is a the Cytoskeleton?

A

A network of 3 types of interconnected fibres that maintain cell shape and allow for movements of the cell parts

19
Q

What organelles are found only in plant cells?

A

Chloroplasts
Central vacuole
Cell wall

20
Q

What organelles are only found in animal cells?

A

Centrosomes and lysosomes

21
Q

What is the head of the Phospholipid Bilayer made of?

A

The head is made of Phosphates and is hydrophilic

22
Q

What is the tail of the Phospholipid Bilayer made of?

A

Lipids and is hydrophobic

23
Q

What is diffusion?

A

When molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

24
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

25
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

A type of passive transport where substances are too large to enter the cell so they enter through specific transport proteins

26
Q

What is active transport?

A

Using energy to enable a cell to take in a substance against the concentration gradient

27
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

A type of active transport when the cell membrane folds inward enclosing a small amount of matter from outside the cell

28
Q

What is Phagocytosis?

A

A type of active transport where there is an intake of a large droplet of extracellular fluid by folding the cell membrane

29
Q

What is Pinocytosis?

A

A type of active transport where there is the intake of a small droplet of extracellular fluid

30
Q

What is receptor assisted endocytosis?

A

A type of active transport, the intake of specific molecules that attach to special proteins in the cell membrane

31
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

The process of removing waste from the cell by creating a vesicle and attaching to the cell membrane

Biology 30 (34 decks)

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