14.3 Hormonal Regulation Flashcards
When is Chromosomal Sex determined?
At fertilization
Which chromosome is male?
XY
Which chromosome is female?
XX
At what week in development do male and females begin to differ?
The 7th week
What gene does the why chromosome carry?
The Testis-Determining Factor
What does the Testis-determining factor do?
It triggers the production of male sex hormones
What are Androgens?
Another name for male sex hormones
What does the presence of androgens do?
Initiates development of the male sex organs in the fetus
What is Puberty?
The period in which the reproductive system completes its development and becomes fully functional
What physical changes does puberty lead to?
Development of the sex organs as well as development of the secondary sex characteristics
How does puberty begin?
The hypothalamus increases its production of Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)?
What does The Gonadotropin releasing hormone do?
It acts on the anterior pituitary gland causing it to release Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What does the Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) do in males?
They cause testes to begin producing sperm and to release testosterone
What controls the the production of sperm?
Negative feedback
How does negative feedback control sperm?
FSH and LH causes the interstitial cells to produce sperm. At the same time FSH causes some cells to release inhibin. The inhibin. Inhibin acts on the anterior pituitary to inhibit the production of FSH. As the FSH levels drop, the testes release less inhibin. A release in the level of inhibin causes the anterior pituitary to release more FSH
How does the negative feedback loop regulate secondary sex characteristics?
LH causes the testes to produce testosterone. Testosterone acts on the anterior pituitary to inhibit the release of LH
Why do steroids inhibit sperm production?
Because they interrupt hormone feedback systems by mimicking the effects of testosterone. So they increase the amount of inhibin releases which stops the production of FSH
What are the side effects of steroids?
Shrinking testicles
Low sperm count
Loss of body hair
Development of breasts
What is Andropause?
The decline of the testosterone level in men
What are the symptoms of Andropause?
Fatigue, depression, loss of muscle and bone mass, and a drop in sperm production
How is the prostate gland affected with age?
The prostate gland grows with age
What can a grown prostate gland lead to?
Urinary difficulties because the prostate squeezes on the urethra as it grows
What is Prostatitis?
The inflammation of the prostate that causes a burning sensation when urinating and the need to urinate more frequently. Treated with antibiotics