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Biology 30 > 13.2 Hormonal Regulation > Flashcards

13.2 Hormonal Regulation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Pituitary Gland?

A

An endocrine gland that has two lobes and is about one size in diameter

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2
Q

Where does the Pituitary Gland sit?

A

In a bone cavity attached to the hypothalamus at the base of the brain

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3
Q

How many hormone does the Pituitary Gland release?

A

8 Hormones

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4
Q

What is the Pituitary gland controlled by?

A

The Hypothalamus through hormones and neurons that run through the connecting stalk

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5
Q

What are the two lobes of the Pituitary Gland?

A

The Anterior and Posterior

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6
Q

Which part of the Pituitary is part of the nervous system?

A

The Posterior Pituitary

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7
Q

What does the Posterior Pituitary do?

A

It does not produce hormones

It stores and releases the hormones ADH and oxytocin

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8
Q

Where are ADH and Oxytocin produced, and sent to?

A

They are produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary

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9
Q

What hormones does the Anterior Pituitary store and release?

A 
Human Growth Hormone (hGH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Follicle Stimulating Hormones (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
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10
Q

How are hormones stimulated to be released from the Anterior Pituitary?

A

A series of blood vessels carries releasing hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary

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11
Q

How does the Anterior pituitary regulate growth, development and metabolism?

A

Through the secretion of human growth hormone (hGH)

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12
Q

How does the Human Growth Hormone affect the body?

A

It increases
•Protein Synthesis
•Cell division and growth, especially cartilage, bone, and muscle
•Metabolic breakdown and release of fats stored in adipose (fat tissue)

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13
Q

What does hGH stimulate the growth of?

A

Muscles, connective tissue, and growth plates at the end of the long bones

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14
Q

What happens if the pituitary gland secretes excessive amounts of hGH during childhood?

A

It can result in a condition called gigantism

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15
Q

What happens if there is insufficient hGH production during childhood?

A

Dwarfism

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16
Q

What happens when someone reaches adulthood and hGH is overproduced?

A

A condition called acromegaly which widen the bones, soft tissue. It also causes cardiovascular disease, sugar intolerance, diabetes, breathing problems, muscle weakness, colon cancer

17
Q

Where does the Thyroid Gland sit?

A

Directly below the larynx

18
Q

What hormone is produced in the Thyroid?

A

Thyroxine T4

19
Q

What does Thyroxine do?

A

Increases the rate at which the body metabolizes fats, proteins, and carbohydrates for energy

20
Q

What organs does Thyroxine especially stimulate and what does it do?

A

Heart, skeletal muscles, liver, and kidneys increases the rate of cellular respiration

21
Q

How does Thyroxine play an important role in the growth and development of children?

A

It influences the organization of various cells into tissues and organs

22
Q

What happens if the thyroid fails to develop properly during childhood?

A

A condition called cretinism can result and the thyroid produces less that normal thyroxine. This is called hypothyroidism

23
Q

What are the symptoms of people with hypothyroidism?

A

Shorter than average, stocky, tiredness, slow pulse rate, puffy skin, hair loss, weight gain

24
Q

What are the symptoms of Hyperthyroidism?

A

Anxiety, insomnia, heat intolerance, irregular heartbeat, weight loss

25
Q

What is graves disease?

A

A disease where the body’s immune system attacks the thyroid

26
Q

What are the symptoms of Graves of disease?

A

Swelling of the muscles around the eyes

27
Q

What is Thyroxine production controlled by?

A

Negative feedback

28
Q

What hormone does the Anterior pituitary release that controls thyroid secretion?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

29
Q

What does the thyroid require in order to make Thyroxine?

A

4 molecules of iodine

30
Q

What happens if there is insufficient iodine in the diet?

A

thyroxine cannot be made and there will be no signal to stop the secretion of TSH

31
Q

What happens if there is non-stop stimulation of the thyroid?

A

Goiter which is the enlargement of the thyroid

32
Q

What are calcium levels in the blood regulated by?

A

A hormone called Calcitonin

33
Q

What happens when the concentration of calcium in the bones is too high?

A

Calcitonin stimulates the uptake of calcium into bones

34
Q

What are the Parathyroid glands?

A

Four small glands attached to the thyroid

35
Q

What hormone do the parathyroid glands produces?

A

Parathyroid hormone

36
Q

What does the Parathyroid hormone do?

A

Stimulates bone cells to break down material and reabsorb calcium into the blood

37
Q

How does the Parathyroid hormone affect kidneys?

A

It stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb calcium from urine, and activates vitamine D. Vitamin then stimulates the absorption of calcium from the food in the intestine

Biology 30 (34 decks)

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