13.1 Glands and Hormones

Question 1

What do endocrine glands do?

Answer 1

Secrete chemical messengers called hormones into the bloodstream

Question 2

What happens when hormones reach their target cells?

Answer 2

Their interaction with these cells sets in motion specific regulatory responses

Question 3

How does insulin affect cells?

Answer 3

It make cell more permeable to glucose

Question 4

What makes up the Endocrine system?

Answer 4

The endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete

Question 5

What is different about the endocrine system than the nervous system?

Answer 5

The endocrine system has slower longer lasting effects and affects a broader range of cell types

Question 6

Which nervous tissue secretes hormones?

Answer 6

The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands

Question 7

How does Epinephrine act in both the nervous system and endocrine system?

Answer 7

It acts as a neurotransmitter between certain neuron and is a hormone released by the adrenal glands during the fight or flight response

Question 8

Why is it difficult to measure hormones?

Answer 8

Their concentration is very low and they are not released continually

Question 9

What are the major glands?

Answer 9

Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Pineal
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Testes
Ovaries

Question 10

What happens when a hormone reaches its target cell?

Answer 10

Receptor proteins on the cell bind with the hormone and triggers a reaction within the cell

Question 11

What type of hormones does the Hypothalamus secrete?

Answer 11

Releasing and inhibiting hormones

Question 12

What effects do the hormones secreted by Hypothalamus have?

Answer 12

Regulates anterior pituitary hormones

Question 13

What hormones are secreted by the Anterior Pituitary?

Answer 13

Human Growth Hormone (hGH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)

Question 14

What does the Human Growth Hormone do?

Answer 14

Stimulates cell division, bone and muscle growth, and metabolic function

Question 15

What does Thyroid-stimulating Hormone do?

Answer 15

Stimulates the thyroid gland

Question 16

What does the Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) do?

Answer 16

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

Question 17

What does the Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) do?

Answer 17

Stimulates the production of ova and sperm from the ovaries and testes

Question 18

What does the Luteinizing Hormone (LH) do?

Answer 18

Stimulates sex hormone production from the ovaries and testes

Question 19

What does Prolactin (PRL) do?

Answer 19

Stimulates milk production from the mammary glands

Question 20

What hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 20

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin (OCT)

Question 21

What does the Antidiuretic hormone do?

Answer 21

Promotes the retention of water by the kidneys

Question 22

What does Oxytocin do?

Answer 22

Stimulates uterine muscle contraction and the release of milk by the mammary glands

Question 23

What hormones are released by the thyroid?

Answer 23

Thyroxine

Calcitonin

Question 24

What does Thyroxine do?

Answer 24

Affects all tissues

Increases metabolic rate and regulates growth and development

Question 25

What does Calcitonin do?

Answer 25

Targets bones and kidneys to lower blood calcium by inhibiting the release of calcium from boned and reabsorption of calcium by kidneys

Question 26

What hormone is released from the parathyroid?

Answer 26

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Question 27

What does the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) do?

Answer 27

Raises blood calcium levels by stimulating the bone cells to release calcium, the intestine to absorb calcium, and kidneys to reabsorb calcium

Question 28

What hormones are released by the adrenal cortex?

Answer 28

Glucocorticoides Mineralocorticoides Gonadocorticoides

Question 29

What do Glucocorticoids do?

Answer 29

Stimulate tissues to raise blood glucose and breakdown protein

Question 30

What do Mineralocorticoids do?

Answer 30

Promotes reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys

Question 31

What do Gonadocorticoids do?

Answer 31

Promote secondary sexual characteristics

Question 32

What hormones does the Adrenal Medulla release?

Answer 32

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Question 33

What do Epinephrine and Norepinephrine do?

Answer 33

Fight or flight hormones | raise blood glucose levels

Question 34

What hormones does the Pancreas secrete?

Answer 34

Insulin and Glucagon

Question 35

What does Insulin do?

Answer 35

Lowers blood glucose levels and promotes the formation of glycogen in the liver

Question 36

What does Glucagon do?

Answer 36

Raises blood levels by converting glycogen to glucose

Question 37

What hormones do the ovaries release?

Answer 37

Estrogen and Progesterone

Question 38

What does Estrogen do?

Answer 38

Stimulates uterine lining growth and promotes development of female sexual characteristics

Question 39

What does Progesterone do?

Answer 39

Promotes growth of the uterine lining and prevents uterine muscle contractions

Question 40

What hormones do the Testes release?

Answer 40

Testosterone

Question 41

What does Testosterone do?

Answer 41

Promotes sperm foundation and development of the male secondary sexual characteristics

Question 42

What are hormones composed of?

Answer 42

Either lipids or amino acids

Question 43

What can lipid based hormones do?

Answer 43

Easily diffuse through the lipid bilayer of cell membranes

Question 44

What can Amino acid hormones not do?

Answer 44

Diffuse across the cell membrane

Question 45

How do Amino acid based hormones work?

Answer 45

They bind to proteins outside of the cell which starts reactions inside the cell

Question 46

How does the Antidiuretic hormone work?

Answer 46

When blood becomes too concentrated, receptors in the hypothalamus detect this and send signals to the posterior pituitary gland to release ADH. This causes water to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream. This causes the concentration of the urine to increase. The hypothalamus detects this and sends a signal to the posterior pituitary to stop secreting ADH

Question 47

What is Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 47

A condition when ADH isn't produced resulting in large volumes of urine and a loss of ions

Question 48

What are many hormones released from the Anterior and Pituitary glands?

Answer 48

Tropic Hormones

Question 49

What are Tropic Hormones?

Answer 49

Hormones that target other endocrine glands