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Biology 30 > 13.1 Glands and Hormones > Flashcards

13.1 Glands and Hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

What do endocrine glands do?

A

Secrete chemical messengers called hormones into the bloodstream

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2
Q

What happens when hormones reach their target cells?

A

Their interaction with these cells sets in motion specific regulatory responses

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3
Q

How does insulin affect cells?

A

It make cell more permeable to glucose

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4
Q

What makes up the Endocrine system?

A

The endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete

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5
Q

What is different about the endocrine system than the nervous system?

A

The endocrine system has slower longer lasting effects and affects a broader range of cell types

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6
Q

Which nervous tissue secretes hormones?

A

The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands

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7
Q

How does Epinephrine act in both the nervous system and endocrine system?

A

It acts as a neurotransmitter between certain neuron and is a hormone released by the adrenal glands during the fight or flight response

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8
Q

Why is it difficult to measure hormones?

A

Their concentration is very low and they are not released continually

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9
Q

What are the major glands?

A 
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Pineal
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Testes
Ovaries
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10
Q

What happens when a hormone reaches its target cell?

A

Receptor proteins on the cell bind with the hormone and triggers a reaction within the cell

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11
Q

What type of hormones does the Hypothalamus secrete?

A

Releasing and inhibiting hormones

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12
Q

What effects do the hormones secreted by Hypothalamus have?

A

Regulates anterior pituitary hormones

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13
Q

What hormones are secreted by the Anterior Pituitary?

A 
Human Growth Hormone (hGH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
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14
Q

What does the Human Growth Hormone do?

A

Stimulates cell division, bone and muscle growth, and metabolic function

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15
Q

What does Thyroid-stimulating Hormone do?

A

Stimulates the thyroid gland

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16
Q

What does the Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) do?

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

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17
Q

What does the Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) do?

A

Stimulates the production of ova and sperm from the ovaries and testes

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18
Q

What does the Luteinizing Hormone (LH) do?

A

Stimulates sex hormone production from the ovaries and testes

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19
Q

What does Prolactin (PRL) do?

A

Stimulates milk production from the mammary glands

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20
Q

What hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

A 
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin (OCT)
21
Q

What does the Antidiuretic hormone do?

A

Promotes the retention of water by the kidneys

22
Q

What does Oxytocin do?

A

Stimulates uterine muscle contraction and the release of milk by the mammary glands

23
Q

What hormones are released by the thyroid?

A

Thyroxine

Calcitonin

24
Q

What does Thyroxine do?

A

Affects all tissues

Increases metabolic rate and regulates growth and development

25
Q

What does Calcitonin do?

A

Targets bones and kidneys to lower blood calcium by inhibiting the release of calcium from boned and reabsorption of calcium by kidneys

26
Q

What hormone is released from the parathyroid?

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

27
Q

What does the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) do?

A

Raises blood calcium levels by stimulating the bone cells to release calcium, the intestine to absorb calcium, and kidneys to reabsorb calcium

28
Q

What hormones are released by the adrenal cortex?

A

Glucocorticoides
Mineralocorticoides
Gonadocorticoides

29
Q

What do Glucocorticoids do?

A

Stimulate tissues to raise blood glucose and breakdown protein

30
Q

What do Mineralocorticoids do?

A

Promotes reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys

31
Q

What do Gonadocorticoids do?

A

Promote secondary sexual characteristics

32
Q

What hormones does the Adrenal Medulla release?

A

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

33
Q

What do Epinephrine and Norepinephrine do?

A

Fight or flight hormones

raise blood glucose levels

34
Q

What hormones does the Pancreas secrete?

A

Insulin and Glucagon

35
Q

What does Insulin do?

A

Lowers blood glucose levels and promotes the formation of glycogen in the liver

36
Q

What does Glucagon do?

A

Raises blood levels by converting glycogen to glucose

37
Q

What hormones do the ovaries release?

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

38
Q

What does Estrogen do?

A

Stimulates uterine lining growth and promotes development of female sexual characteristics

39
Q

What does Progesterone do?

A

Promotes growth of the uterine lining and prevents uterine muscle contractions

40
Q

What hormones do the Testes release?

A

Testosterone

41
Q

What does Testosterone do?

A

Promotes sperm foundation and development of the male secondary sexual characteristics

42
Q

What are hormones composed of?

A

Either lipids or amino acids

43
Q

What can lipid based hormones do?

A

Easily diffuse through the lipid bilayer of cell membranes

44
Q

What can Amino acid hormones not do?

A

Diffuse across the cell membrane

45
Q

How do Amino acid based hormones work?

A

They bind to proteins outside of the cell which starts reactions inside the cell

46
Q

How does the Antidiuretic hormone work?

A

When blood becomes too concentrated, receptors in the hypothalamus detect this and send signals to the posterior pituitary gland to release ADH. This causes water to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream. This causes the concentration of the urine to increase. The hypothalamus detects this and sends a signal to the posterior pituitary to stop secreting ADH

47
Q

What is Diabetes Insipidus?

A

A condition when ADH isn’t produced resulting in large volumes of urine and a loss of ions

48
Q

What are many hormones released from the Anterior and Pituitary glands?

A

Tropic Hormones

49
Q

What are Tropic Hormones?

A

Hormones that target other endocrine glands

Biology 30 (34 decks)

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