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Biology 30 > 14.1 The Reproductive Systems > Flashcards

14.1 The Reproductive Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the gonads?

A

The organs that produce reproductive cells

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2
Q

What are the male and female reproductive cells called?

A

Gametes

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3
Q

What are Sex hormones?

A

The chemical compounds that control the development and function of the reproductive system

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4
Q

What are the primary sex characteristics?

A

The structures (organs, ducts, and glands) that play a direct role in reproduction

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5
Q

What does the male reproductive include?

A

Organs that produce and store large numbers of sperm cells

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6
Q

What are the male primary sex characteristics?

A
  • Gonads (testes)
  • Scrotum
  • Epididymis
  • Ductus deferens
  • Penis
  • Seminal vesicles
  • Prostate Gland
  • Cowper’s Gland
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7
Q

What are the secondary male sex characteristics?

A
  • Facial hair
  • Body hair
  • Deeper voice, broad shoulders, narrower hips, and muscle development
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8
Q

What are the primary female sex characteristics?

A
  • Gonads (ovaries)
  • Oviducts
  • Uterus
  • Cervix
  • Vagina
  • Vulva
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9
Q

What are the secondary female sex characteristics?

A
  • Minimal facial and body hair
  • Prominent breasts
  • Higher voice, rounder hips and shoulders
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10
Q

What are the two male gonads?

A

The testes

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11
Q

Where are the testes held?

A

In the scrotum

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12
Q

What does the scrotum do for the testes?

A

Regulates their temperature

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13
Q

What temperature is sperm most successful a?

A

35 degrees celcius

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14
Q

What are the testes composed of?

A

Log coiled tubes and hormone secreting cells

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15
Q

What are the Seminiferous tubules?

A

The tubes attached to the testes

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16
Q

What are the hormone secreting cells of the tubules called?

A

Interstitial cells

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17
Q

What do the interstitial cells in the testes secrete?

A

The male hormone testosterone

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18
Q

Where is sperm produced?

A

The seminiferous tubules

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19
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sperm?

A

Oval head, cylindrical middle piece, extended tail

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20
Q

What does the head of the sperm contain?

A

A nucleus with 23 chromosones

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21
Q

What is the Acrosome?

A

The cap like structure that covers the

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22
Q

What does the Acrosome do?

A

Stores enzymes that are needed to penetrate the protective layer surrounding the female egg

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23
Q

What does the middle piece of the sperm contain?

A

Mitochondria which provides energy for movement of the tail

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24
Q

What are developing sperm nourished by?

A

The Sertoli cells

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25
Q

Where are the Sertoli cells located?

A

In the seminiferous tubules

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26
Q

Where do the sperm get transported from the Seminiferous tubules?

A

A nearby duct called the Epididymis

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27
Q

What happens to sperm in the Epididymis?

A

They become mature and mobile

28
Q

What is the Epididymis connected to?

A

A storage duct called the vas deferens which lead to the ejaculatory duct

29
Q

What is the primary reproductive function of the Penis

A

To transfer sperm from the male reproductive tract to the female

30
Q

What happens as the sperm cells pass through the ductus deferentia?

A

It mixes with fluids from a series of glands

31
Q

What does the Seminal vesicles do?

A

Produce a mucus like fluid that contain sugar fructose, which provides energy for the sperm

32
Q

What does the prostate gland and the Cowper’s gland do?

A

Secrete mucus like fluid and alkaline fluid to neutralize the acids from urine in the urethra

33
Q

What is the Urethra?

A

The duct carries fluid through the penis

34
Q

Which parts of the nervous system is the movement of sperm responsible for?

A

Sympathetic, Parasympathetic and somatic

35
Q

What are the 2 female gonads?

A

Ovaries

36
Q

What are the female gametes?

A

Ova

37
Q

Where are most of the structures of the female reproductive system located?

A

Inside the body

38
Q

What is the function of the Testes?

A

Produce sperm and sex hormones

39
Q

What is the function of the epididymis?

A

Mature and store developing sperm

40
Q

What is the function of the ductus deferentia?

A

Conduct and store sperm

41
Q

What is the function of Seminal Vesicles?

A

Contribute fructose and fluid to semen

42
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland?

A

Contributes alkaline and mucoid fluids to semen

43
Q

What is the function of the Cowper’s gland?

A

Contributes Alkaline and mucoid fluids to semen

44
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

Conducts semen through the penis

45
Q

What is the function of the penis?

A

Carries semen into the female reproductive tract

46
Q

What are the specialized cell structures in the ovaries called?

A

Follicles

47
Q

What develops within the follicle?

A

A single ovum

48
Q

What is ovulation?

A

When each month a follicle matures then ruptures releasing the ovum into the oviduct

49
Q

What are Fimbriae?

A

Thread like projections that sweep over the ovary

50
Q

Where does the ovum go when it is released?

A

It is swept by the fimbriae by into a cilia line tube called the oviduct

51
Q

Where does he oviduct take the ovum?

A

From the ovary to the uterus

52
Q

What does the ovum contain?

A

A large quantity of cytoplasm that contains nutrients

53
Q

What is the uterus?

A

A muscular organ that holds and nourishes a developing fetus

54
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

The lining of the uterus which is supplied with blood vessels to provide nutrients for the fetus

55
Q

What does the uterus connect to at its upper end?

A

The Oviducts

56
Q

What does the uterus form at the base?

A

The Cervix

57
Q

What does the cervix connect to?

A

The vagina

58
Q

What do the ovaries do?

A

Produce eggs and sex hormones

59
Q

What do the fimbriae do?

A

Sweep an egg into an oviduct

60
Q

What is the function of the oviducts?

A

To conduct an egg from the ovary to the uterus; where fertilization occurs

61
Q

What is the function of the uterus?

A

To house a developing fetus

62
Q

What is the function of the cervix?

A

The opening to the uterus

63
Q

What happens if a living egg encounters sperm in an oviduct?

A

The egg becomes known as a zygote and implants itself in the endometrium

64
Q

What happens if the egg is not fertilized?

A

It does not implant in the endometrium and disintegrates in a process called menstruation

65
Q

What is the purpose of the vulva?

A

Protects the vaginal opening

Biology 30 (34 decks)

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