17.3 Genetics and Society Flashcards
Why was Canola created?
Because scientists wanted to find an oil that had low levels of a toxin so they selectively bred it until possible
What is Pedigree?
A type of flowchart that uses symbols to show the patterns of relationships and traits in a family over many generations
What does a square mean on a pedigree?
Male
What does a circle mean on a pedigree?
Female
What does a line between a square and a circle mean on a pedigree?
Mating
What does two lines between a square and a circle mean on a pedigree?
Mating between close relatives
What are Autosomes?
Any chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes
What is Autosomal Inheritance?
Traits -dominant and recessive- that are coded for by genes on autosomes
What is Polydactyly?
Extra toes or fingers. The condition is dominant
What is Huntington’s disease?
A deadly condition where the brain deteriorates over a period of 15 years
What are symptoms of Huntington’s disease?
Irritability, memory loss, along with involuntary muscle movements
What is Huntington’s disease in terms of genetics?
Dominant
What is Marfan Syndrome?
An autosomal dominant condition that affects the connective tissues
What are the symptoms of Marfan Syndrome?
Long bones, eye problems, faulty heart valves, and respiratory problems
What is PKU?
An autosomal recessive gene that affects the development of the nervous system
What causes PKU?
An enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine is defective or absent causing high levels of phenylalanine to convert phenylpyruvic acid, which builds up toxic levels
What is Cystic Fibrosis?
An autosomal recessive trait that causes a build up thick mucus in the lungs and digestive system
What does a circle with a dot in it mean?
Known carrier of a X-linked recessive trait
What is Hemophilia?
A condition that affects the body’s ability to produce proteins involved with blood clotting
Which gene is muscular dystrophy linked to?
X chromosomes
What causes Muscular dystrophy?
People cannot manufacture the muscle protein dystrophin and as a result, their muscles weaken and degenerate over time
What is Retinoblastoma?
Tumor development on the retina of young children which is usually fatal
What is Prader William syndrome?
A developmental disorder causing decreased muscle tone, short stature and insatiable appetite
What is Alpha Thalassemia?
A condition in which defective hemoglobin binds with oxygen poorly
What is Niemann-Pick disease
Inability to break down three amino acids, causing accumulation of byproducts and nerve degeneration
What is Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
A deficiency in one enzyme, resulting in minimal immune response and susceptibility to all diseases
What is Genetic Screening?
Chromosome mapping that helps to identify people who are at risk of developing particular conditions
What do Genetic Counsellors do?
Estimate the risk of inheriting a particular genetic condition
