Acute Responses + Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What does the cardiovascular system refer to?

Answer 1

Refers to heart and blood vessels in body

Question 2

What are the parts of the heart

And which on is most important in PE?

Answer 2

Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle and Left Ventricle

Question 3

Which is the largest part of heart and why?

Answer 3

Left Ventricle which pumps blood out of heart to the whole body

Question 4

What types of blood vessels does the body have?

Answer 4

• Arteries
• Arterioles
• Capillaries
• Venules
• Veins

Question 5

What are Arteries?

Answer 5

Thick/Strong and big blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart

Question 6

What are Veins?

Answer 6

Big bood vessels carrying blood towards the heart

Question 7

What are capillaries?

Answer 7

Very thin blood vessels between arteries and veins that wrap around cells and muscles

Question 8

What is a special feature of capillaries?

Answer 8

Are so thin that gasses can diffuse between capillary walls

Question 9

What happens between muscles and capillaries?

Answer 9

Oxygen moves from bloodstream (capillaries) to working muscles and carbon dioxide moves from working muscles to bloodstream (capillaries)

Question 10

What is Heart Rate

Answer 10

Number of heart beats per minute

Question 11

What is Stroke Volume

Answer 11

Amount of blood ejected from left ventricle per heart beat

Question 12

What is Cardiac Output?

Answer 12

Amount of blood ejected from left ventricle per minute

Question 13

How do you calculate Cardiac Output?

Answer 13

Heart Rate x Stroke Volume = Cardiac Output

Question 14

What will happen to Stroke Volume at sub-maximal intensity

Answer 14

Stroke Volume will plateau at sub-maximal intensity as Left-Ventricle can hold a max amount of blood. Any further increase in Cardiac Output will be result of increase in Heart Rate.

Question 15

What is a Cardiac Cycle?

Answer 15

Heart contracting and relaxing

Question 16

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 16

Pressure of blood in arteries when Heart Contracts

Question 17

What is Diastolic pressure?

Answer 17

Pressure of blood in arteries when Heart relaxes

Question 18

What is normal Blood Pressure?

Answer 18

120/80mmHg

mmHg stands fro millimetres of Mercury

Question 19

What does the top number and bottom number of blood pressure represent?

Answer 19

• Top Number is Systolic Pressure
• Bottom Number is Diastolic Pressure

Question 20

When intensity increases what happens to blood pressure and why?

Answer 20

Systolic Blood pressure increases whilst diastolic remains same. This is beacuse heart contracts harder and faster, thus systolic blood pressure in arteries increases.

Diastolic never changes

Question 21

What are average Cardiac Output levels at rest and at maximum intensity

Answer 21

• Rest - 6L per minute
• Maximum Intensity - 25L per minute

Question 22

What is venous pooling?

Answer 22

When venous blood stagnates near muscles and doesn’t retunr back to the heart

Question 23

What is venous return?

Answer 23

Amount of venous blood returning to heart

Question 24

What is avo2 difference?

Answer 24

Avo2 difference is the difference in oxygen concentration in arterial and venous blood

Question 25

What happens to avo2 difference as intensity increases and why?

Answer 25

avo2 difference increases as well. More oxygen is being used by muscles form arterial blood, resulting in increase difference in oxygen concentration between arteriala nd venous blood.

avo2 difference will never equal oxygen concentration in arteries

Question 26

What is vasodilation?

Answer 26

Widening of blood vessels to carry more blood

Question 27

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 27

Constriction of blood vessels to carry less blood

Question 28

What is redistribution of bloodflow?

Answer 28

Vasodilation and vasoconstriction occurring to redirect blood to certain parts of the body

Question 29

Describe impact on Redistribution of bloodflow in terms of Acute Response

Answer 29

As an acute response, there will be a redistribution of bloodflow away (vasoconstriction) from the digestive system and some internal organs and twoards working muscles (vasodilation). Increase in bloodflow leads to increase in oxygen delivery and thus, athlete can work at a higher intensity aerobically.