🔵 6.2 Further Psycholoical Effects on the Individual: Aggression

Question 1

Aggression, include factors of aggression

Answer 1

Intent to harm outside the rules, hostile environment
- intent to harm
- outside the rules
- reactive
- out of control
- deliberate and hostile

Question 2

Assertion, include some factors

Answer 2

Well motivated behaviour within the rules
- controlled
- well motivated
- in the rules
- goal directed
- no intent to harm

Question 3

Examples of assertion

Answer 3

Hard and fair tackles in rugby when both the players hit each other with assertions

Question 4

Example of why it is hard to differentiate aggression from assertion

Answer 4

Boxing, it is within the rules to punch someone but it is also intent to harm when punching

Question 5

What is the grey area in aggression

Answer 5

Between the definitions of aggression and assertion. Can occur when there is an aim or intent but the action is within the rules

Question 6

4 theories of aggression

Answer 6

Instinct theory, frustration - aggression hypothesis, aggressive cue hypothesis, social learning theory

Question 7

Definition of instinct theory

Answer 7

When aggression is spontaneous and innate

Question 8

Where does the instinct theory come from

Answer 8

It is claimed that humans retain some ritualistic aggressive animal instincts that will surface under threat

Question 9

Instinct theory, Example of link between animal instincts and sport

Answer 9

Territory was invaded, need to defend territory was evoked. Sports performer will vigorously defend their home record to try and win

Question 10

After the aggressive behaviour is performed, what happens?

Answer 10

Aggressor begins to calm down and experience an emotional called catharsis and a controlled approach is restored

Question 11

Catharsis

Answer 11

Cleansing the emotions; using sports as an outlet for aggression

Question 12

What does the frustration-aggression hypothesis suggest

Answer 12

Theory suggesting that inevitable aggression occurs when goals are blocked and the performer becomes frustrated

Question 13

What happens to a performer if they are unable to release the aggressive drive

Answer 13

A form of self punishment will occur and even more frustration will lead to an increased aggressive drive

Question 14

Examples of when you might react with aggression due to frustration in sport

Answer 14

Losing, poor play by you, poor play by teammate, disagreement with ref, hostile crowd, pressure of success, high pressure game, being fouled

Question 15

Definition of aggressive cue hypothesis

Answer 15

Suggests that aggression is caused by a learned trigger. Also suggests that increased frustration will lead to increased arousal levels and a drive towards aggressive responses

Question 16

Example of a ‘cue’ in aggressive cue hypothesis

Answer 16

A coach allows a basketball player to push away an opponent who is marking him

Another example may include a sporting venue such as an away local pitch

Question 17

Social learning theory

Answer 17

Learning by associating with others and copying behaviour

Question 18

Banduras process of SLT

Answer 18

observe identify reinforce copy

Question 19

Example of social learning theory, aggression in sport

Answer 19

An experienced player takes a player down preventing them from scoring, you will repeat action as it has been reinforced

Question 20

Difficulty with SLT

Answer 20

aggression can be instinctive and reactive rather than being learned

Question 21

Memory tool for causes

Answer 21

ASIF

Question 22

Ways a coach could prevent aggression

Answer 22

• do not reinforce aggressive acts in training
• punish aggression
• substitute aggressive player
• talk to players, calm down
• apply rules consistently and fails