💎 2.1 Skill Characteristics & their Impact on Transfer & Practice: Methods of Presenting Practice Flashcards
3 different types of presenting practice
Whole practice
Whole part whole practice
Progressive part practice
What is whole practice
Practising the skill in its entirety without breaking it into sub routines. It is an ideal way to teach a skill because it promotes understanding, establishes links between sub routines and creates fluency
Example of when to use whole practice
Golf swing
4 occasions when whole practice is used
- The skill is fast, ballistic, and discrete
- Highly organised, cannot be easily broken down
- Simple and doesn’t require much thought
- Performer is able to cope with demands
3 advantages of whole practice
- helps create motor programmes which is stored in long term memory and contains mental images of all parts of the skill. Useful when the skill needs to be recalled from memory and performed
- more realistic so helps produce positive transfer between skills learned in training and skills performed in matches
- helps to make the skill more consistent, help performer learn good habits and perform the skill automatically
Disadvantages of whole practice
May be too demanding on the performer, especially if they are a beginner
Could be a possibility of fatigue of the performer tries to do the whole task without a break
May be too much information for the performer to process
What is whole part whole practice
Performer attempts the whole skill and then each part of the skill is practiced, especially the weaknesses, and then it’s put back into the whole skill
When is the whole part whole method used
When a beginner is doing a complex task and may need to concentrate on one part of the skill before making progress
Advantages of whole part whole practice
Can provide motivation when success is achieved after a long standing weakness is corrected
Provides immediate feedback so corrects errors and allows the selected part to be integrated successfully into the whole action
Fluency and integration of the sub routines can be maintained while errors are corrected
Disadvantages of whole part whole practice
May produce negative transfer effects
Time consuming
Some skills are high organised meaning they cannot be broken down
What is progressive part practice
Practising the first part of the skill then adding parts gradually. Sometimes called chaining
Chaining
Linking the subroutines or parts of a task together in order when practising
When is progressive part practice used
For serial skills when the order is important and the links between subroutines need to be made.
A complex skill
Low organised, easily broken down
For example a dance, gymnastics routine
6 Advantages of progressive part practice
- learner allowed to focus on one aspect of the task
- correct specific weaknesses
- learner can rest so fatigue is reduced
- if performer is low on motivation, each part brings success in stages so motivation is restored
- builds initial understanding
- improves confidence as success is gradually achieved
3 disadvantages of progressive part practice
- time consuming
- neglect the feel of the whole task
- ignore the links between sub routines
