🟣 3.1 Emergence of the Globalisation of Sport in the 21st Century: Pre-Industrial Britain, Popular Recreation (pre-1780)

Question 1

6 social cultural factors of pre industrial society

Answer 1

1. Communications and transport was limited
2. Widespread of illiteracy, lower class uneducated with little ability to read of write
3. Cruel or violent existence for lower class, upper class lived in comfort and luxury
4. Limited free time, free time also based on agricultural seasons
5. Class divisions clearly existed, 2 tier clearly divided society based on feudal system
6. People lived in countryside and rural areas

Question 2

Feudal system

Answer 2

it was a way of structuring society around a relationship derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour

Question 3

Popular recreation

Answer 3

The sport and pastimes of people in pre industrial Britain

Question 4

6 characteristics of popular recreation

Answer 4

1. Long hours of work meant popular recreation was limited
2. Limited transport available meant local and specific to each community
3. Literacy was low so rules were very basic (e.g unlimited players, no time limits)
4. Activities were aggressive and male dominated reflecting harsh society
5. Wagers placed by upper class
6. The materials used were natural resources showing countryside, rural areas

Question 5

Example of popular recreation played by lower class

Answer 5

Mob football

Question 6

Examples of when mob football could have been played

Answer 6

Holy days such as shrove Tuesday

Question 7

5 reasons popular recreation activities were banned

Answer 7

1. Violent and unruly in nature
2. Led to injury or death in extreme cases
3. Led to damage of property
4. Gambling / wagering
5. Linked to alcohol consumption and drunken behaviour

Question 8

Example of upper-class pastime

Answer 8

Real tennis

Question 9

Example of where real tennis was played

Answer 9

Hampton court, by Henry VIII

Question 10

6 Characteristics of upper class recreation

Answer 10

1. Complex rules as can read and understand them
2. High moral code so it lacked violence and instead played in a cordial manner with mutual respect
3. Able to play on a regular basis with plenty of leasuire time
4. Purpose built facilities with expensive specialist equipment
5. Upper class also had ability to travel so it was nonlocal in nature
6. Skilful game with difficult technical demands, shows their superiority over the lower class

Question 11

What is foot racing

Answer 11

A form of competitive running / walking in 17/18th century

It consisted of footmen (servants) competing as messengers by the upper class for their speed of movement across open land

Question 12

Who would wager on footraces

Answer 12

Gentry wagering on how many miles they could cover in a specific time period

Question 13

What is a patron

Answer 13

A member of the gentry who looked after a lower class performer. E.g arranged competitions for them to compete and putting prize money to win

Question 14

How did the racing develop

Answer 14

Challenge rules introduced

Question 15

Why were so many upper class involved in foot racing

Answer 15

Because success in athletics meant increased social status for ‘gentlemen’ so upper class where happy to act as patrons to th working class performer

Question 16

Another example of athletics in pre industrial Britain

Answer 16

Festival occasion - community festivals

Question 17

Activities in festival occassiom

Answer 17

Running, hurdles, football

Question 18

Characteristics of popular recreation linked to pre 1870 festivals

Answer 18

• rules simple, unwritten
• events were local with people from neighbouring villages jointing with festivities and competitions
• set in a rural location
• betting occurred, wagers placed on outcomes of races