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A-Level PE > 🔴 1.4 The Musculoskeletal System & Analysis of Movement in Physical Activities > Flashcards

🔴 1.4 The Musculoskeletal System & Analysis of Movement in Physical Activities Flashcards

1
Q

What do joints do

A

A joint is formed where 2 or more bones meet

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2
Q

3 types of joints

A
  • fibrous or fixed joints
  • cartilaginous or slightly movable joints
  • synovial or freely movable joints
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3
Q

Bone for the head

A

Cranium

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4
Q

Bone for jaw

A

Mandible

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5
Q

Sections of vertebrae

A

Come to liams swimming competition
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacrum
- coccyx

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6
Q

Collarbone

A

Clavicle

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7
Q

Shouder blade

A

Scapula

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8
Q

Inside of arm

A

Ulna

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9
Q

Outside of arm

A

Radius

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10
Q

Bones in hands

A

Phalanges = fingers
Metacarpals = in middle
Carpals = bottom of hand

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11
Q

Bone at top of arm

A

Humerus

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12
Q

Bone in middle of ribs

A

Sternum

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13
Q

Bone at hip

A

Pelvis

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14
Q

Bone at bottom of hip next to hip flexor

A

Ischium

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15
Q

Bone at top of leg

A

Femur

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16
Q

Bone at knee

A

Patella

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17
Q

Bone at knee

A

Patella

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18
Q

Main bone in shin

A

Tibia

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19
Q

Smaller bone in shin

A

Fibula

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20
Q

Bones in foot

A
  • phalanges = toes
  • metatarsals = middle of foot
  • tarsals = top of foot
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21
Q

Bone at top of foot

A

Talus

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22
Q

How many bones to remember

A

27

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23
Q

What direction does ball and socket alloww

A

Movement in every direction

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24
Q

How is a ball and socket formed

A

By the round head of one bone fitting into the cup shaped capsule of the connecting bone

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25
Q

2 ball and socket joints

A

Hip and shoulder

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26
Q

What does articulating mean

A

This refers to the bones that meet and move at the joint

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27
Q

Articulating bone of hip

A

Femur and pelvis

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28
Q

Articulating bones of shoulder

A

Humerus and scapula

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29
Q

What direction does hinge joint allow

A

1 direction.

30
Q

3 hinge joints

A

Ankle, knee and elbow

31
Q

Articulating bones of ankle

A

Talus fibula and Tibia

32
Q

Articulating bones at knee

A

Femur and tibia

33
Q

Articulating bones at elbow

A

Humerus radius and ulna

34
Q

Agonist

A

The muscle that is responsible for the movement that is occurring when contraction occurs

35
Q

Antagonist

A

The muscle that works in opposition to the agonist (to help produce a co-ordination movement)

36
Q

What does an antagonistic pair work to do

A

Work together in order to produce the required movement

37
Q

2 muscles in chest

A

Pectoralis major and Pectoralis minor

38
Q

Muscle at shoulder

A

Deltoid

39
Q

Muscles at top of arm

A

Triceps branchii
Biceps branchii

40
Q

Muscles at bottom of back

A

Latissimus dorsi

41
Q

Superficial muscles in back (6)

A

Till I die tranmere try survival
Trapezius
Infraspinatus
Deltoid
Teres minor
Teres major
Serratus anterior

42
Q

Deep muscles in back (4)

A

Liverpool reds rule tranmere
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
Triceps branchii

43
Q

Muscles in glutes

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius

44
Q

Muscle at hip flexor

A

IIiopsoas

45
Q

Muscles at groins (back and front)

A

Adductor Magnus at back
Adductor longus at front

46
Q

Muscles in quadraceots

A
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus medialis
    (Vastus intermedius)
47
Q

Muscles in hamstring

A

Big sound Sam
- bicep femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranous

48
Q

Calf muscle

A

Gastrocnemius

49
Q

Muscles at bottom of leg

A

Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Tibialis anterior

50
Q

Joint action at elbow

A

Elbow flexion = agonist (biceps) antagonists (triceps)
Elbow extension = agonist (triceps) antagonist (bicep)

51
Q

Joint action at ankle

A

Plantar flexion = agonist (gastrocnemius) antagonist (tibialis anterior)
Dorsi flexion = agonist (tibialis anterior) antagonist (gastrocnemius)

52
Q

Joint action at knee

A

Flexion = agonist (hamstring) antagonist (quadraceot)
Extension = agonist (quadraceots) antagonist (hamstring)

53
Q

Joint action at hip (flexion and extension) (hyper extension))

A

Flexion = agonist (Iliopsoas / hip flexors) antagonist (gluteals)
Extension / hyper extension = agonist ( gluteals) antagonist (hip flexors)

54
Q

Joint movement for hip addiction and abduction

A

Adduction = agonist (adductor brevis / longus / Magnus) antagonist (tensor fascia latae and gluteals)
Abduction = agonist (tensor fascia latea and gluteals) antagonist (adductor brevis / longus / Magnus)

55
Q

Joint action of hip horizontal abduction / adduction

A

Hip horizontal adduction = agonist (adductors) antagonist (tensor fascia latae and gluteals)
Hip horizontal abduction = antagonist (tensor fascia latae and gluteals) agonist (adductors)

56
Q

Joint action of shoulder (flexion and externsion / hyper extension)

A

Flexion = agonist (anterior deltoid) antagonist (latissimus dorsi)
Extension = agonist (latissimus dorsi) antagonist (anterior deltoid)

57
Q

Joint action at shoulder HORIZONTAL abduction and adduction

A

Horizontal abduction = agonist (latissimus dorsi) antagonist (pectorals)
Horizontal adduction = agonist (pectorals) antagonist (latissimus dorsi)

58
Q

Joint action at shoulder adduction and abduction

A

Adduction = agonist (posterior deltoid / latissimus dorsi) antagonist (middle deltoid / supraspinatus)
Abduction = agonist (middle deltoid / supraspinatus) antagonist (posterior deltoid / latissimus dorsi)

59
Q

Saggital plane

A

Divides the body into right and left halves

60
Q

Frontal plane

A

Divides the body into front and back halves

61
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body into upper and lower halves

62
Q

Accronym for remembering planes and axis pairings

A

Striker, Fraser Forster, tricky left winger

Striker = kicking a ball is flexion and extension
Fraser Forster= goalkeeper so going left to right (abduction and abduction)
Tricky left winger= spinning around the world

63
Q

Planes and axis pairings

A

Saggital plane transverse axis
Frontal plane Saggital axis
Transverse plane longitudinal axis

64
Q

Isometric contraction

A

The muscle length does not change and there is no movement (e,g crucifix in gymnastics)

65
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

The muscle length changes caused by movement at the joint

66
Q

2 types of isotonic contraction

A

Concentric
Eccentric

67
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Muscle shortens as it contracts (bicep curl)

68
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

Muscle lengthens as it contracts, the muscle has to overcome gravity

69
Q

What bones are in the axial skeleton

A

Cranium and mandible
Vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx
Sternum and ribs

70
Q

Role of synovial fluid

A

It is a thick liquid located between joints which cushions and protects ends of joints

A-Level PE (9 decks)

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