🔴 1.4 The Musculoskeletal System & Analysis of Movement in Physical Activities Flashcards
1
Q
What do joints do
A
A joint is formed where 2 or more bones meet
2
Q
3 types of joints
A
- fibrous or fixed joints
- cartilaginous or slightly movable joints
- synovial or freely movable joints
3
Q
Bone for the head
A
Cranium
4
Q
Bone for jaw
A
Mandible
5
Q
Sections of vertebrae
A
Come to liams swimming competition
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacrum
- coccyx
6
Q
Collarbone
A
Clavicle
7
Q
Shouder blade
A
Scapula
8
Q
Inside of arm
A
Ulna
9
Q
Outside of arm
A
Radius
10
Q
Bones in hands
A
Phalanges = fingers
Metacarpals = in middle
Carpals = bottom of hand
11
Q
Bone at top of arm
A
Humerus
12
Q
Bone in middle of ribs
A
Sternum
13
Q
Bone at hip
A
Pelvis
14
Q
Bone at bottom of hip next to hip flexor
A
Ischium
15
Q
Bone at top of leg
A
Femur
16
Q
Bone at knee
A
Patella
17
Q
Bone at knee
A
Patella
18
Q
Main bone in shin
A
Tibia
19
Q
Smaller bone in shin
A
Fibula
20
Q
Bones in foot
A
- phalanges = toes
- metatarsals = middle of foot
- tarsals = top of foot
21
Q
Bone at top of foot
A
Talus
22
Q
How many bones to remember
A
27
23
Q
What direction does ball and socket alloww
A
Movement in every direction
24
Q
How is a ball and socket formed
A
By the round head of one bone fitting into the cup shaped capsule of the connecting bone
25
2 ball and socket joints
Hip and shoulder
26
What does articulating mean
This refers to the bones that meet and move at the joint
27
Articulating bone of hip
Femur and pelvis
28
Articulating bones of shoulder
Humerus and scapula
29
What direction does hinge joint allow
1 direction.
30
3 hinge joints
Ankle, knee and elbow
31
Articulating bones of ankle
Talus fibula and Tibia
32
Articulating bones at knee
Femur and tibia
33
Articulating bones at elbow
Humerus radius and ulna
34
Agonist
The muscle that is responsible for the movement that is occurring when contraction occurs
35
Antagonist
The muscle that works in opposition to the agonist (to help produce a co-ordination movement)
36
What does an antagonistic pair work to do
Work together in order to produce the required movement
37
2 muscles in chest
Pectoralis major and Pectoralis minor
38
Muscle at shoulder
Deltoid
39
Muscles at top of arm
Triceps branchii
Biceps branchii
40
Muscles at bottom of back
Latissimus dorsi
41
Superficial muscles in back (6)
Till I die tranmere try survival
Trapezius
Infraspinatus
Deltoid
Teres minor
Teres major
Serratus anterior
42
Deep muscles in back (4)
Liverpool reds rule tranmere
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
Triceps branchii
43
Muscles in glutes
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
44
Muscle at hip flexor
IIiopsoas
45
Muscles at groins (back and front)
Adductor Magnus at back
Adductor longus at front
46
Muscles in quadriceps
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
(Vastus intermedius)
47
Muscles in hamstring
Big sound Sam
- bicep femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranous
48
Calf muscle
Gastrocnemius
49
Muscles at bottom of leg
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Tibialis anterior
50
Joint action at elbow
Elbow flexion = agonist (biceps) antagonists (triceps)
Elbow extension = agonist (triceps) antagonist (bicep)
51
Joint action at ankle
Plantar flexion = agonist (gastrocnemius) antagonist (tibialis anterior)
Dorsi flexion = agonist (tibialis anterior) antagonist (gastrocnemius)
52
Joint action at knee
Flexion = agonist (hamstring) antagonist (quadraceot)
Extension = agonist (quadraceots) antagonist (hamstring)
53
Joint action at hip (flexion and extension) (hyper extension))
Flexion = agonist (Iliopsoas / hip flexors) antagonist (gluteals)
Extension / hyper extension = agonist ( gluteals) antagonist (hip flexors)
54
Joint movement for hip addiction and abduction
Adduction = agonist (adductor brevis / longus / Magnus) antagonist (tensor fascia latae and gluteals)
Abduction = agonist (tensor fascia latea and gluteals) antagonist (adductor brevis / longus / Magnus)
55
Joint action of hip horizontal abduction / adduction
Hip horizontal adduction = agonist (adductors) antagonist (tensor fascia latae and gluteals)
Hip horizontal abduction = antagonist (tensor fascia latae and gluteals) agonist (adductors)
56
Joint action of shoulder (flexion and externsion / hyper extension)
Flexion = agonist (anterior deltoid) antagonist (latissimus dorsi)
Extension = agonist (latissimus dorsi) antagonist (anterior deltoid)
57
Joint action at shoulder HORIZONTAL abduction and adduction
Horizontal abduction = agonist (latissimus dorsi) antagonist (pectorals)
Horizontal adduction = agonist (pectorals) antagonist (latissimus dorsi)
58
Joint action at shoulder adduction and abduction
Adduction = agonist (posterior deltoid / latissimus dorsi) antagonist (middle deltoid / supraspinatus)
Abduction = agonist (middle deltoid / supraspinatus) antagonist (posterior deltoid / latissimus dorsi)
59
Saggital plane
Divides the body into right and left halves
60
Frontal plane
Divides the body into front and back halves
61
Transverse plane
Divides the body into upper and lower halves
62
Accronym for remembering planes and axis pairings
Striker, Fraser Forster, tricky left winger
Striker = kicking a ball is flexion and extension
Fraser Forster= goalkeeper so going left to right (abduction and abduction)
Tricky left winger= spinning around the world
63
Planes and axis pairings
Saggital plane transverse axis
Frontal plane Saggital axis
Transverse plane longitudinal axis
64
Isometric contraction
The muscle length does not change and there is no movement (e,g crucifix in gymnastics)
65
Isotonic contraction
The muscle length changes caused by movement at the joint
66
2 types of isotonic contraction
Concentric
Eccentric
67
Concentric contraction
Muscle shortens as it contracts (bicep curl)
68
Eccentric contraction
Muscle lengthens as it contracts, the muscle has to overcome gravity
69
What bones are in the axial skeleton
Cranium and mandible
Vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx
Sternum and ribs
70
Role of synovial fluid
It is a thick liquid located between joints which cushions and protects ends of joints
