Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A-Level PE > 🔴 1.2 Respiratory System > Flashcards

🔴 1.2 Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Correct passage of air

A
  1. Nose
  2. Pharynx
  3. Larynx
  4. Tranches
  5. Bronchi
  6. Bronchioles
  7. Alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When resting, what mulscles are used during INSPIRATION

A
  • diaphragm
  • external intercostal muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When resting, what muscles are used during EXPIRATION

A

Passive: diaphragm and external intercostals just relax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When exercising, what muscles are used during INSPIRATION

A

diaphragm
External intercostals
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
Pectoralis minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When exercising, what muscles are using during EXPIRATION

A

Internal intercostal muscles
Abdominals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mechanics of inspiration at rest

A

To breath in use muscles, diaphragm and external intercostals muscles contract. The chest cavities and thorax cavities volumes increases and pressure is reduced in the chest, the air moves from high concentration in the atmosphere to low concecntratuin in the chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mechanics of expiration at rest

A

Passive process, the external intercostals muscles and diaphragm relaxes, reducing the size of the chest and increasing the pressure. Air will move out of lungs from high to low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mechanics of inspiration when exercising

A

To breath in use muscles, diaphragm and external intercostals contact with added help from pectoral minor, scalenes, and sternocleidomastoid muscles. The added contractions increases the chest cavity volume even more so more air can come into the lungs. Meaning more area will move from an area of high concentration to low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mechanics of expiration when exercising

A

Expiration is assisted by internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles contracting. This reduces the size of the chest more so the pressure gradient for the air to leave the lungs. So more air moves out of the lungs to low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name 6 features that assist gaseous exchange

A
  1. Large surface area of alveoli
  2. Moist thin walls
  3. Short distance for diffusion
  4. Lots of capillaries
  5. Large blood supply
  6. Movement of gas from high concentration to low concentration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tidal volume

A

Volume of air breathed in or out per breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Residual volume

A

Volume of air that remains in lungs after maximal respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Minute ventilation

A

Volume of air breathed in or out per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Spirometer

A

A device that is used to measure the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Respiration

A

Process that occurs in our cells. The cells used food and oxygen brought to them in blood to produce energy our bodies need to live and grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What word best describes the function of the tranchea

A

Passageway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the tube that connects the mouth and the stomach

A

Esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the membrane called on the surface of the lungs

A

Visceral pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where does the transfer of oxygen into the blood stream take place

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens to the air pressure in the chest cavity when a human inhales

A

The air pressure decreases allowing outside air to flow into lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Diffusion

A

Gas moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration

24
Q

What is partial pressure

A

Amount of oxygen in .. (can be blood stream, capillaries, alveoli)

25
Q

When gaseous exchange takes place what causes the concentration gradient to increase

A

A greater difference in partial pressure

26
Q

What is concentration gradient

A

The rate of diffusion

27
Q

Cilia

A

Microscopic hair like projections that help to sleep away fluids and particles

28
Q

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

It is the name for a collection of diseases

29
Q

What is emphysema caused by and what is it

A

Smoking - it is a long term progressive disease of the lungs causing shortness of breath

30
Q

What happens to tidal volume during exercise

A

Increases

31
Q

What happens to inspiratory reserve volume during exercise

A

Decreases

32
Q

What happens to expiratory reserve volume during exercise

A

Slight decrease

33
Q

What happens to residual volume during exercise

A

Remains the same

34
Q

What happens to minute ventilation during exercise

A

Large increase

35
Q

First cause of smoking and what it causes for the body

A

Irritation of the trachea and bronchi. This reduces lung function and increases breathlessness caused by swelling and narrowing of the lung airways

36
Q

Second cause of smoking and what it causes

A

Damages the cells lining and tranchea, bronchi and bronchioles.
These all have cilia on their surface and their job is to push mucus out of the lungs. But when they are damaged, excess mucus builds up in the lungs passages which leads to a smokers cough

37
Q

Third cause of smoking

A

Damage the alveoli, their walls break down and join together forming larger air spaces . This reduces the effiency of gaseous exchange which also increases risk of COPD

38
Q

Fourth cause of smoking

A

Can also effect oxygen transportation as carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin in RBC

39
Q

What are the 3 factors involved in regulation of the pulmonary ventilation during exercise

A
  • neural control
  • chemical control
  • hormonal control
40
Q

Simply, what does pulmonary ventilation mean

A

Breathing

41
Q

How does exercise cause an increased breath8ng

A

Blood acidity increases and the brain is informed and sends impulses through the nervous system to increase breathing g

42
Q

What 2 systems control pulmonary ventilation

A
  • sympathetic nervous system
  • parasympathetic nervous system
43
Q

Where is the respiratory centre located

A

Medulla oblongata

44
Q

Where is the respiratory centre located

A

Medulla oblongata

45
Q

Role of respiratory center

A

Control rate and depth of breathing and uses both neural and chemical control

46
Q

Role of inspiratory centre

A

Responsible for inspiration and expiration

47
Q

Role of expiratory centre

A

To stimulate the expiratory muscles during exercise

48
Q

Process of respiratory centre increasing breathing rate

A
  • blood acidity will increase (due to increase in plasma, carbon dioxide and lactic acid)
  • detected by chemoreceptors
  • they send impulses to inspiratatory centre to increase ventilation until blood acidity returned to normal
49
Q

Process of respiratory centre increasing breathing rate

A
  • blood acidity will increase (due to increase in plasma, carbon dioxide and lactic acid)
  • detected by chemoreceptors
  • they send impulses to inspiratatory centre to increase ventilation until blood acidity returned to normal
50
Q

How does blood acidity return to Normal

A

Respiratory center sends impulses down the phrenic nerve. This stimulates more inspiratory muscles to be used such at the sternocleidomastoid, scalenes and pectoralis minor.

As a result, rate, depth and rhythm of breathing increases

51
Q

Other factors affecting neural control of breathing

A
  • mechanical (proprioreceptors)
  • baroreceptors (detecting decrease in blood pressure
  • stretch receptors
52
Q

What do stretch receptors do

A

Prevent over inflation of the lungs by sending impulses to the expiratory center and then down the intercostal nerve to the expiratory muscles (abdominals and internal intercostals) so that expiration occurs

53
Q

How does the antipatory rise occur?

A

Just before we start exercising the brain sends impulses to the RENAL glands which then pumps adrenaline into the blood in anticipation of the increased need of oxygen. As a result, breathing rate increases in preparation for exercise and a demand for oxygen

54
Q

How does ‘one cell thick’ allow efficient gaseous exchange

A

Short route for diffusion

55
Q

How does large surface area allow efficient gaseous exchange

A

This allows surfaces for diffusion / opportunities for diffusion,

56
Q

How does a narrow diameter allow efficient gaseous exchange

A

Slow passage of red blood cells

A-Level PE (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions