🔵 6.3 Psychological Influences on the Team: Social Facilitation & Inhibition Flashcards
Who suggested the 4 types of others who can be present at a sporting event
Zajonc
Why are the 4 types of others that Zajonc suggested are present when playing sport
- The audience
- Co-actors
- The competitors
- The social reinforcers
Who are the audience
The people who are watching, either as spectators at the event or the TV audience
Who are the co - actors
Those performing in the sporting event alongside you
Who are the competitors
Those in direct competition / conflict with the performers
Who are social reinforcers
People who have a direct influence on the performance, they criticise or encourage performers
What do the audience and co actors cause for performers
They are passive, do not exert direct influence on the event, but they cause an increased arousal
What do competitors and social reinforcers cause for the performer
They are much more active in the event, they can give encouragement, advice or cause distractions
Social inhibition
The negative effect of the presence of others on performance
Social facilitation
The positive effect of the presence of others on performance
Who may be more susceptible to social inhibition
Beginners because they may experience anxiety and over arousal, caused from the crowd, and not being able to cope with pressure. Causes a poor execution of skills
Why might an experienced player be undergo social facilitation
The expert player performs the responses that are well learned and familiar to them. The response can be done without thought or attention. The dominant response will be performed due to high arousal which is well trained
Why does the type of skill (simple or complex) affect whether social facilitation or inhibition occurs
Simple skill - presence of co actors or audience can increase arousal and motivation and effort. This will increase performance of a simple skill
Complex skill - presence of others can have a negative effect. An increased arousal causes the inability to process all the information and performance levels decrease
What is evaluation apprehension
The perceived fear of being judged
What does an expert watching cause
High arousal and anxiety could be caused by the expert people watching
