💎 2.1 Skill Characteristics & their Impact on Transfer & Practice: Transfer of Learning Flashcards
What is the definition of the transfer of learning
The effect of learning and performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another
What is positive transfer
When the learning of one skill helps the learning of another
When does positive transfer tend to happen
When 2 skills have very similar shape and form - the actions that of the 2 skills are similar so that the movements of one skill helps the actions of another
Example of positive transfer
Overarm volleyball serve and the tennis serve
What is negative transfer
When the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another
When does a negative transfer occur
When there might be some familiarity with the environment in which the 2 skills are performed. This familiarity causes confusion when the actions of the 2 skills are not the same
Example of negative transfer
Badminton and tennis players are played on a court divided by a net. But the action of a tennis serve uses the arm, badminton uses the wrist. Serve is different hence negative transfer
What is zero transfer
When the learning of one skill has no impact on the learning of another
When does zero transfer occur
When the 2 skills have no similarities and no aspect of confusion
Example of zero transfer
The swimming arm action and the foot placement in rock climbing
What is a bilateral transfer
When the learning of one skill is passed across the body from limb to limb
Example of bilateral transfer
Right footed footballer would be encouraged to use the left foot when required, the impact of the shot of their right foot would become equal to the impact of the shot with their left
Why is positive transfer essential
Helps players to acquire a greater range of skills
2 ways positive transfer is ensured
- Making training realistic, for example using real players in rugby rather than cones or tackle bags
- The coach could make sure one skill is well learned before moving on to a more advanced skill
