🟣 3.2 The Impact of Sport on Society & of Society on Sport: The Sociology of Sport Flashcards
Society
An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interesr
Example of when national pride was achieved through sport
Britain through Team GBs 3rd position on the medal table at London 2012
Socialisation
A lifelong process where members of a society learn its norms, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to take their place in that society
2 main parts of socialisation
Primary and secondary socialisation
Primary socialisation
Refers to socialisation during the early years of childhood which takes place mainly with the immediate family. Key process of this stage is internalisation (learning of values or attitudes that are incorporated within yourself). Taught basic values and accepted behaviour patterns. Play is a good way to share and interact
Secondary socialisation
Occurs during the later years of life when family is less involved and other ‘agencies’ are deliberately set up for the socialisation process such as school
How can school help with the socialisation process
By teaching important moral skills such as co-operation, teamwork and learning to take responsibility for one’s own actions
What is gender socialisation
Learning of behaviour and attitudes historically considered appropriate for a given sex. Boys learning to be boys and girls learning to be girls
What is social control
A concept that refers to the way in which people’s thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviour are regulated within a social system
What is an institution
An established organisation founded for a religious, educational, professional or social purpose
Example of social control limiting sporting involvement
Society has been male dominated, restricting females from being involved in sport. May have been more social acceptabke for women to play sports like tennis rather than rugby. Also stereotypical roles of women in housing
What is social change
An alteration in the social order of society
How does social change occur
Occurs when institutions re-adjust to meet ‘new needs’ of groups in society such as women
apart from gender, what are other reasons people face inequities in sport
Their ethnic group. Certain ethnic groups have faced constraints on their participation in sport
Example of a campaign which tries to cut out gender inequality in sport
‘This girl Can’ campaign has been launched by sport England as a high profile scheme to try and bring about social changes in the way women’s participation in sport is views
When does social inequality occur
Occurs when resources in a society are unevenly distributed among socially defined categories of people
Different social inequality categories of people
- ethnicity or race
- distribution of income or wealth
- gender, sex based prejudice and discrimination
4 reasons participation levels may be lowered
- lack of money / cost of participation
- lack of confidence / self esteem
- lack of role models to aspire to
- myths or stereotypes
What is social stratification
A type of social inequality where society is divided into different levels on the basis of a social characteristic, such as wealth or status
How does participation in sport cause equality
Participati9n in sport means participants can leave behind their normal lives and adopt a new athletic identity in sporting context. This temporarily replaces the inequality of everyday life.
How does disposable income affect participation in sport
The amount of disposable income made can influence the type of sport participated in, the type of club joined, the equipment used. This is due to some sports demanding a lot of money to participate in, due to specialised equipment, and some not. For example, football requires a ball, boots and thus costs little money. But equestrian requires a lot of money to participate in
In the organisation and structure of society, who has traditionally held the most powerful position
White males from the middle class
What is a social class
A term used to define social inequalities, certain groups have more access to wealth, income and power than others. Factors which contribute to social class include a persons job, family background, education and income
How does being a child of low income affect your participation in sport
- children of poor income are more susceptible to poor health, this may undermine their physical abilities to participate in sport
- they may also have less money to spend on sports equipment, or coaching
