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Step 1 > 4/5 - UW 48 > Flashcards

4/5 - UW 48 Flashcards

1
Q

How is influenza infx PREVENTED?

A

Ab against hemagglutinin

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2
Q

What pancreatic cells secrete somatostatin?

A

delta cells

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3
Q

Since somatostatin decreases release of both glucagon and insulin, is the result a hypo or hyperglycemia?

A

Somatostatin INHIBITION of INSULIN > glucagon, so hyperglycemia results

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4
Q

What enzyme stimulates gallbladder emptying?

A

CCK

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5
Q

What enzyme stimulates release of pancreatic bicarb?

A

Secretin

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6
Q

What neoplasms are associated with type B (antral) gastritis?

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

Attempted ligation of what artery could result in damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

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8
Q

What nerve courses with the superior thyroid artery? Inferior?

A

Superior: external laryngeal nerve
Inferior: recurrent laryngeal nerve

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9
Q

Accumulation of sphingomyelin in splenic cells is seen in what disease?

A

Niemann-Pick

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10
Q

Accumulation of glucocerebrosides in splenic cells is seen in what disease?

A

Gaucher

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11
Q

Which type of muscle fiber is slow twitch? Fast?

A

Slow: type I
Fast: type II

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12
Q

What is the difference between type IIa and IIb muscle fibers?

A

IIa: ATP via aerobic metabolism, but still fast twitch
IIb: ATP via glycolysis, also fast twitch

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13
Q

What hormone is produced by the supraoptic nuclei?

A

ADH

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14
Q

What hormone is produced by the paraventricular nuclei?

A

Oxytocin

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15
Q

Where is ADH is produced?

A

Supraoptic nuclei in the hypothalamus, secreted by the posterior pituitary

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16
Q

Where is oxytocin produced?

A

Paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus

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17
Q

Which hypothalamic nuclei HEAT you up, and which ones COOL you down?

A

HEAT: POSTERIOR nuclei regulate heat conservation and production

COLD: ANTERIOR nuclei regulate vasodilation and sweating

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18
Q

What virus causes acute gingivostomatitis?

A

HSV-1

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19
Q

What is the preferred medication for treating gestational DM?

A

Insulin (NOT metformin)

20
Q

Which HBV antibody is present during the “window period”?

A

Anti-HBc IgM

Window period = both HBsAg and anti-HBs are absent

21
Q

A lung hamartoma is also called what?

A

Pulmonary chondroma

22
Q

What is a hamartoma?

A

Excessive growth of a tissue type that is NATIVE to the organ

23
Q

What tissues types are in lung hamartomas?

A

Hyaline cartilage, fat, smooth muscle, respiratory epithelium

24
Q

What is suggested by a solitary “coin lesion” in the peripheral lung?

A

Hamartoma, benign and generally asymptomatic

25
Q

What does a “Sister Mary Joseph” nodule indicate?

A

Metastatic gastric carcinoma

26
Q

What coagulation factors are contained in cryoprecipitate?

A 
Cold soluble proteins:
Factor VIII
Fibrinogen
vWF
Vitronectin
27
Q

What do you call RBC extravasation into the skin or subq tissue of the following sizes:
1cm

A

1cm: ecchymoses

These do NOT blanch because the RBCs are extravascular

28
Q

What are lentigos?

A

Age spots

29
Q

What are telangiectasias?

A

small, focal, permanent dilations of superficial capillaries and venules. They do blanch.

30
Q

Persistent deficit to memory and learning (Korsakoff syndrome) after treatment of thiamine deficiency is due to damage to which nuclei?

A

Anterior and Dorsomedial thalamic nuclei

“Confabulation” is present

31
Q

Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome is from deficiency of what vitamin?

A

Thiamine (B1)

32
Q

What cells have BRAF?

A

Melanocytes

33
Q

What is the mutation seen in many melanomas?

A

BRAF V600E mutation

34
Q

What does Vemurafenib inhibit?

A

Mutated BRAF (protein kinase) in melanocytes

35
Q

What are the 3 terms that refer to the lack of upper vagina development (short vagina) with variable uterine development?

A

Vaginal agenesis
Mullerian aplasia
Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome

36
Q

What parts of the female sexual anatomy comes from the Mullerian ducts?

A

Fallopian tubes to the upper vagina

NOT the ovaries, or lower vagina

37
Q

Rupture of the middle meningeal artery causes what type of hemorrhage?

A

Epidural (arterial, more pressure, more sudden; lucid interval)

38
Q

Rupture of what vessels can cause a subdural hematoma?

A

Bridging cortical veins (slow bleed, insidious onset)

39
Q

What is a PrP?

A

Prion Protein, as in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

40
Q

What type of transformation is seen in the gray matter in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

A

Spongiform change in the gray matter due to prion accumulation

41
Q

What is Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome?

A

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, presenting with recurrent severe epistaxis and telangiectasias of the skin and mucosa

42
Q

What is Von Recklinghausen’s disease?

A

NF1 (peripheral nervous system tumor presenting with neurofibromas, optic nerve gliomas, Lisch nodules, and cafe au lait spots)

43
Q

What do patients with NF2 present with?

A

Bilateral CN VIII schwannomas and multiple meningiomas

44
Q

Schwannomas and meningiomas in a patient probably means they have what disease?

A

NF2

45
Q

Skull radiographs showing “tram-track” calcifications is characteristic of what syndrome?

A

Sturge-Weber syndrome (encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis)

46
Q

What is the clinical presentation of the “maintenance” phase of ATN?

A

(24-36 hrs after initiation phase)

  1. increased ECF: edema, pulm congestion
  2. HyperK (peaked T waves when K is >6)
  3. High AGMA
  4. HypO: Na, Ca
  5. HypER: phosphate, Mg
  6. Muddy brown casts!!!!!
47
Q

What is the clinical presentation of the “recovery” phase of ATN?

A

(1-2 weeks after onset)
Extreme polyuria
HypO: K, Ca, Mg, PO4

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