4/4 - UW 45 Flashcards
In what phase are primary oocytes arrested by the 5th month of gestation?
Prophase I
In what phase are secondary oocytes arrested at ovulation?
Metaphase II
What is the “triad” of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?
Eczema
Recurrent infections
Thrombocytopenia
What is the “triad” of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome?
Hemolytic = microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Uremic = ARF
Also, thrombocytopenia
What is a drug that commonly causes aplastic anemia?
Chloramphenicol
What is an infection that commonly causes aplastic anemia in patients with sickle cell disease?
Parvovirus B19
What is the “triad” of Chediak-Higashi syndrome?
Oculocutaneous albinism
Peripheral neuropathy
Immunodeficiency of phagocytes (dysfunction of phagosome-lysosome fusion)
What are the 2 types of WBCs that compose host defense against Candida?
T cells: superficial infx
Neutrophils: disseminated infx
What is the most commonly affected site for endometriosis?
Ovaries
What can cause “chocolate cysts” in the ovaries?
Old blood from ectopic endometrium (endometriosis)
What are two anatomical findings in endometriosis?
Nodularity of the uterosacral ligament
Fixed retroversion
What are the AAs with 3 titratable protons?
Histidine Arginine Lysine Aspartic acid Glutamic acid Cysteine Tyrosine
What percent of filtered water is reabsorbed by the proximal tubules?
> 60%! (isosmotically)
What is one cause of pancreatic beta cell failure in T2DM?
Amyloid deposition
What are the sequelae to large dose of vitamin E?
Adults: Hemorrhagic stroke
Infants: Necrotizing enterocolitis
What are the sequelae to large dose of vitamin A?
Intracranial HTN (papilledema), skin changes (dry skin), and HSM
In addition to water, what else does ADH increase permeability to in the medullary collecting ducts?
Urea
What biochemical process is vit C necessary for?
HYDROXYLATION of proline and lysine residues in pro-collagen
What biochemical process is Thiamine necessary for?
Coenzyme for DECARBOXYLATION of (pyruvate to acetyl CoA) and (alpha ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA)
What is folate important for the synthesis of?
Purine and Thymidine
What TB drug works best at acidic pH?
Pyrazinamide
What cranial pathology is suggested in patients with ADPKD?
Berry aneurysms
What drug is best for cerebral vasospasms following SAH?
Nimodipine
What suffix denotes a bisphosphonate (osteoporosis drug analogous to pyrophosphate)?
“-dronate”
What is the most common CNS neoplasm in immunosuppressed patients?
Primary CNS pymphoma
What is the most common lung cancer in non-smokers and women?
Adenocarcinoma (40-50%, peripheral lung)
Which lung cancer causes hypercalcemia?
SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma
Which lung caner causes Cushing syndrome, SIADH, or Lambert-Eaton syndrome?
SMALL cell carcinoma
Which lung cancers are most associated with smoking?
Small cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
(Both typically occur in the central lung, in major bronchi)
Which lung cancer is associated with gynecomastia and galactorrhea?
Large cell carcinoma
What is the most important risk factor for mesothelioma?
Asbestos
What drug mechanism is indicated by the suffix “-nib”
Kinase inhibitor (eg Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor)
What skin disorder is characterized by hyperparakeratosis, acanthosis, elongation of the rete ridges, mitotic activity above the epidermal basal layer, and a reduced/absent stratum granulosum?
Psoriasis
