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4/4 - UW 45 Flashcards

1
Q

In what phase are primary oocytes arrested by the 5th month of gestation?

A

Prophase I

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2
Q

In what phase are secondary oocytes arrested at ovulation?

A

Metaphase II

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3
Q

What is the “triad” of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?

A

Eczema
Recurrent infections
Thrombocytopenia

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4
Q

What is the “triad” of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome?

A

Hemolytic = microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

Uremic = ARF

Also, thrombocytopenia

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5
Q

What is a drug that commonly causes aplastic anemia?

A

Chloramphenicol

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6
Q

What is an infection that commonly causes aplastic anemia in patients with sickle cell disease?

A

Parvovirus B19

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7
Q

What is the “triad” of Chediak-Higashi syndrome?

A

Oculocutaneous albinism
Peripheral neuropathy
Immunodeficiency of phagocytes (dysfunction of phagosome-lysosome fusion)

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of WBCs that compose host defense against Candida?

A

T cells: superficial infx

Neutrophils: disseminated infx

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9
Q

What is the most commonly affected site for endometriosis?

A

Ovaries

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10
Q

What can cause “chocolate cysts” in the ovaries?

A

Old blood from ectopic endometrium (endometriosis)

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11
Q

What are two anatomical findings in endometriosis?

A

Nodularity of the uterosacral ligament

Fixed retroversion

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12
Q

What are the AAs with 3 titratable protons?

A 
Histidine
Arginine
Lysine
Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid
Cysteine
Tyrosine
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13
Q

What percent of filtered water is reabsorbed by the proximal tubules?

A

> 60%! (isosmotically)

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14
Q

What is one cause of pancreatic beta cell failure in T2DM?

A

Amyloid deposition

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15
Q

What are the sequelae to large dose of vitamin E?

A

Adults: Hemorrhagic stroke

Infants: Necrotizing enterocolitis

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16
Q

What are the sequelae to large dose of vitamin A?

A

Intracranial HTN (papilledema), skin changes (dry skin), and HSM

17
Q

In addition to water, what else does ADH increase permeability to in the medullary collecting ducts?

A

Urea

18
Q

What biochemical process is vit C necessary for?

A

HYDROXYLATION of proline and lysine residues in pro-collagen

19
Q

What biochemical process is Thiamine necessary for?

A

Coenzyme for DECARBOXYLATION of (pyruvate to acetyl CoA) and (alpha ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA)

20
Q

What is folate important for the synthesis of?

A

Purine and Thymidine

21
Q

What TB drug works best at acidic pH?

A

Pyrazinamide

22
Q

What cranial pathology is suggested in patients with ADPKD?

A

Berry aneurysms

23
Q

What drug is best for cerebral vasospasms following SAH?

A

Nimodipine

24
Q

What suffix denotes a bisphosphonate (osteoporosis drug analogous to pyrophosphate)?

A

“-dronate”

25
Q

What is the most common CNS neoplasm in immunosuppressed patients?

A

Primary CNS pymphoma

26
Q

What is the most common lung cancer in non-smokers and women?

A

Adenocarcinoma (40-50%, peripheral lung)

27
Q

Which lung cancer causes hypercalcemia?

A

SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma

28
Q

Which lung caner causes Cushing syndrome, SIADH, or Lambert-Eaton syndrome?

A

SMALL cell carcinoma

29
Q

Which lung cancers are most associated with smoking?

A

Small cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
(Both typically occur in the central lung, in major bronchi)

30
Q

Which lung cancer is associated with gynecomastia and galactorrhea?

A

Large cell carcinoma

31
Q

What is the most important risk factor for mesothelioma?

A

Asbestos

32
Q

What drug mechanism is indicated by the suffix “-nib”

A

Kinase inhibitor (eg Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor)

33
Q

What skin disorder is characterized by hyperparakeratosis, acanthosis, elongation of the rete ridges, mitotic activity above the epidermal basal layer, and a reduced/absent stratum granulosum?

A

Psoriasis

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