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2/28 Flashcards

1
Q

Crescent shaped Bowman’s capsule?

A

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

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2
Q

RPGN crescents consist of what cells? What substance?

A

Glomerular parietal cells Monocytes Macrophages Fibrin

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3
Q

What type of valvular insufficiency is characterized by a holosystolic murmur?

A

Mitral regurgitation (MR)

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4
Q

What pathology is associated with an S3 heart sound?

A

Increased LV filling during diastole… Associated with MR, CHF

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5
Q

What pathology is associated with an S4 heart sound?

A

“Atrial kick”, high atrial pressure, stiff LV wall… Associated with LVH

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6
Q

Atopic dermatitis usually spares which area of the skin?

A

Diaper area

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7
Q

In older children, atopic dermatitis manifests as lichenification in what dermatologic distribution?

A

Flexural: neck wrists antecubital fossa popliteal fossa

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8
Q

What three symptoms are included in the “allergic triad”?

A

Atopic dermatitis (eczema) Allergic rhinitis Asthma

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9
Q

What dermatologic pathology is associated with Gluten enteropathy?

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

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10
Q

What decades of life are associated with dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

4th and 5th, uncommon in children

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11
Q

What neural sx and organism are associated with Guillain-Barre?

A

Neural: ascending paralysis post febrile illness Organism: Campylobacter jejuni

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12
Q

Toxin penetration through blood nerve barrier leading to peripheral neuropathy is associated with which organism?

A

Diptheria

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13
Q

What brain structure is affected in Huntington’s disease?

A

Caudate nucleus

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14
Q

Type of epithelium in the following organs: Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Cervix Vagina

A

Ovaries: simple cuboidal Fallopian tubes: simple columnar Uterus: simple (pseudostratified) columnar Cervix: simple columnar and stratified squamous Vagina: stratified squamous

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15
Q

What are the antiarrhythmic agents that can cause torsades de pointes?

A

Class IA: Quinidine Procainamide Disopyramide Class III: Ibutilide Dofetilide Sotalol

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16
Q

PAS positive globules in hepatocytes indicates deficiency of what?

A

Alpha 1 antitrypsin

17
Q

Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency will lead to what lung pathology?

A

Interalveolar septa destruction

Panacinar emphysema

18
Q

Brown (not black) pigment stones are typically secondary to infection by which organisms?

A

E. coli Ascaris lumbricoides Opisthorchis sinensis

19
Q

Organisms in which genus lacks peptidoglycan cell walls?

A

Mycoplasma Cannot use cell wall synthesis inhibitors (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, vancomycin) Can use antiribosomal agents (macrolides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones)

20
Q

What to give to improve bladder emptying? Mechanism?

A

Bethanechol Muscarinic agonist stimulates detrussor muscle

21
Q

Mechanism of finasteride? Uses?

A

5alpha reductase inhibitor Treats BPH, male baldness

22
Q

What is honey often contaminated with?

A

C. botulinum

23
Q

What topical antifungal should be used for thrush in immunocompetent patients?

A

Nystatin

24
Q

Purulent urethritis from N. gonorrhoeae and/or C. trachomatis must be treated with what?

A

BOTH: 3rd gen ceph (ceftriaxone) for gonorrhea Tetracycline/Macrolide (doxy or azithro) for chlamydia

25
Q

Insecticide is associated with what poisoning?

A

Arsenic

26
Q

Arsenic poisoning is associated with what odor on breath?

A

Garlic

27
Q

Drug of choice for arsenic poisoning?

A

Dimercaprol (It has narrow therapeutic index, causes nephrotoxicity and HTN)

28
Q

Oseltamivir MoA?

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor, prevents virus release (aka Tamiflu, for influenze A and B)

29
Q

What are the arginine derivatives?

A

Urea NO Creatine

30
Q

“Owl’s eyes” refer to what cells? What pathology are they associated with?

A

Reed Sternberg cells (giant binucleated cell) associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma

31
Q

Demyelinated plaques are associated with what disease?

A

MS

32
Q

What lab test for monitoring diabetic nephropathy?

A

Albuminuria

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