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Step 1 > 3/28 - UW 30 > Flashcards

3/28 - UW 30 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of inheritance is PKU?

A

AR

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2
Q

What are the first line treatments for afib with SVT?

A

CCB and beta blockers

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3
Q

In what subset of patients with afib might you give digoxin?

A

Those with underlying systolic dysfunction

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4
Q

What are some sx of digitalis toxicity?

A

Head: Fatigue, headache, dizziness, confusion, delirium
Vision: Blurry, color (yellow/green)
GI: N/v, diarrhea, abd pain

Increase in K is correlated to dig level

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5
Q

Tx of digitalis toxicity?

A
  1. Oral activated charcoal
  2. Insulin, Kayexalate, hemodialysis to manage hyperK (NOT calcium gluconate)
  3. Antibody to dig
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6
Q

How does HIT cause paradoxical thrombosis?

A

Ab to heparin and Platelet factor IV

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7
Q

What drugs are given for HIT?

A

Direct thrombin inhibitors (hirudin, lepirudin, argatroban), which do not require antithrombin-III

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8
Q

What drug blocks glutamate residun carboxylation of clotting factors?

A

Warfarin inhibits vit K dependent y-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues of factors 2, 7, 9, 10

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9
Q

Where are Pancoast tumors and what syndrome do they cause?

A

They are apical lung tumors that cause Horner syndrome in 50% of patients

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10
Q

What is the triad of Horner syndrome?

A

Ipsilateral miosis, ptosis, anhidrosis

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11
Q

What condition presents with spongiotic dermatitis (with epidermal spongiosis)?

A

Eczematous dermatitis

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12
Q

Acanthosis is associated with what condition?

A

Psoriasis

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13
Q

What is acantholysis?

A

Loss of cohesion between keratinocytes in the epidermis or adnexal structures. Associated with spongiotic dermatitis, as in eczematous dermatitis

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14
Q

What brain areas are most vulnerable to ischemia from cardiac arrest?

A

Pyramidal cells of hippocampus (#1)/neocortex

Purkinje cells of the cerebellum

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15
Q

What is thyroid peroxidase responsible for?

A

Thyroglobulin iodination

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16
Q

What kind of skin presentation is seen with Bartonella in immunocompromised patients?

A

Bacillary angiomatosis: red/purple papules that resemble Kaposi sarcoma lesions

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17
Q

Tell me about Rickettsia rickettsia.

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Tick-borne.
Dogs and exposure to wooded areas or grassy fields.
Prompt doxycycline treatment

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18
Q

What organism characterizes swimming pools and cervical LAD?

A

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

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19
Q

What do you get from animal urine?

A

Leptospirosis, causing conjunctival suffusion

20
Q

What is the most common cause of inhaled anesthetic hepatotoxicity?

A

Halothane, can cause liver to be shrunken

21
Q

Reduced serum albumin levels indicate what time course of liver disease?

A

Chronic, NOT in acute liver injury, because albumin has half life of 20 days

22
Q

What is the half life of albumin?

A

20 days

23
Q

What lab findings will be seen in patients with inhaled-anesthetic induced hepatotoxicity?

A 
Elevated AST/ALT
Prolonged PT (deficiency of factor VII, which has the shortest half life)
24
Q

Ammonia toxicity in the brain can result from depletion of what molecules?

A

Glutamate or alpha-ketoglutarate

25
Q

PRPP is an enzyme for the production of what?

A

De novo synthesis of purines and pyrimidines

26
Q

What cells mediate the inflammatory reaction in gouty arthritis?

A

Neutrophils…duh

27
Q

If a patient with gouty arthritis can’t take NSAIDs, what should you give them?

A

Colchicine, which impairs neutrophil migration and phagocytosis

28
Q

What is Tardive dyskinesia?

A

Involuntary perioral movements and choreoathetoid movements.

From antipsychotics.

29
Q

What is the antipsychotic most likely to cause EPS (like Tardive diskinesia)?

A

Risperidone

30
Q

What is the antipsychotic least likely to cause EPS?

A

Clozapine (but it is associated with agranulocytosis)

31
Q

What parasite’s eggs are found in the stool?

A

Schistosoma

32
Q

What parasite’s eggs are found perianal?

A

Enterobius (pinworms)

33
Q

What species of Streptococcus is associated with colonic cancer?

A

Group D strep: S. bovis

34
Q

What are the conditions associated with Streptococcus bovis?

A

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (even on normal valves) and Colon Cancer

35
Q

What molecule mediates niacin-induced flushing?

A

Prostaglandin, so can give aspirin to reduce

36
Q

In addition to cardiomyocytes, what other cells have beta1 receptors?

A

JGA cells

37
Q

Which antihyperlipid is good for lowering TG?

A

Fibrates (activates PPAR-a)

38
Q

Which antihyperlipid is good for raising HDL?

A

Niacin (decreased VLDL synthesis and HDL clearance)

39
Q

What is Primaquine used for?

A

To eliminate Plasmodium vivax and ovale latent infections, and to prevent relapse

40
Q

What abx inhibit 30S?

A

Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines

41
Q

What two neoplasms are associated with EBV?

A

Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (in the Chinese)

42
Q

What causes air in the bowel wall in an infant?

A

Necrotizing enterocolitis

43
Q

Increase AST and ALT indicate what type of damage?

A

Hepatocyte injury

44
Q

Increased alk phos and y-glutamyl transpeptidase indicate what type of damage?

A

Biliary injury/cholestasis

45
Q

Low serum albumin, elevated bilirubin, and PT tell what type of damage?

A

Cirrhosis/liver function

46
Q

MSUD results from a defect in what enzyme complex?

A

Branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase

47
Q

What are the 5 cofactors required by these three enzymes: branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase, pyruvade dehydrogenase, and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?

A 
"Tender Loving Care For Nancy"
Thiamine
Lipoate
Coenzyme A
FAD
NAD

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