4/2 - UW 39 Flashcards
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a rare complication of what disease?
Measles
What is another name for galactosyl-beta-1,4-glucose?
Lactose
How does factor V Leiden cause thrombophilia?
Factor Va has resists protein C cleavage
What disorder causes DNA hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation?
Ataxia-telangiectasia (autosomal recessive)
What disorder causes DNA hypersensitivity to UV radiation?
Xeroderma pigmentosum
What disorder causes DNA hypersensitivity to cross linking agents?
Fanconi anemia
What disorder is characterized by generalized chromosomal instability?
Bloom syndrome
What disorder causes defects in DNA mismatch-repair?
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)
What changes do you see in Ataxia-telangiectasia?
Cerebellar atrophy (causing ataxia), oculocutaneous telangiectasia, severe immunodeficiency, cancer risk
What is the Schilling test?
- Oral radiolabeled vit B12
- IM injection unlabeled B12
Normal urinary B12 = normal absorption, thus any deficiency is due to dietary def.
Low urinary B12 = absorption issue
If B12 def is determined to be an absorption issue, how to differentiate between pernicious anemia and malabsorption?
Pernicious anemia: autoimmune destruction of parietal cells in atrophic gastritis, so giving B12 with IF would result in normal urinary B12.
Malabsorption: pancreatic insufficiency, bacterial overgrowth, short gut syndrome, so even B12 with IF would not give normal urinary excretion
With what drug should AIDS patients be prophylactically treated for PCP?
TMP-SMX (first line)
Dapsone (in case of allergy, but must check G6PD level!)
What are some common precipitating factors of G6PD deficiency?
- Infx
- Drugs (dapson, antimalarials, sulfonamide abx)
- DKA
- Fava beans
What is suggested by anemia, elevated LDH and indirect bilirubin, and a positive osmotic fragility test?
Hemolytic anemia with spherocytes
How does chronic hemolysis cause pigmented gallstones?
Increased bilirubin precipitate as calcium bilirubinate.
Folate deficiency requires supplement of what AA?
Thymidine!
What segment of the GI tract is affected by Hirschsprung disease?
Colon: migration of neural crest cells goes proximal to caudal, so rectum is always involved.
Where is airway resistance the highest?
In the medium sized bronchi
What are some common presentations of CMV in AIDS patients?
Retinitis
Esophageal ulcers
Colitis
What is the term for the process by which a bacteriophage infects a bacterium, integrating its genome into the bacteria?
Lysogenization
What organism gains pathogenicity by transformation of capsule genes?
S. pneumoniae
What organism gains pathogenicity by conjugation-mediated pili production?
E. coli
What organism gains pathogenicity by lysogenization-mediated exotoxin production?
C. diphtheriae
What are the selective beta blockers (b1)?
Metoprolol, atenolol, acebutolol, esmolol
What is a common cause of injury to the long thoracic nerve?
Mastectomy
What is a common presentation after violent stretch between the head and shoulder?
Brachial plexus upper trunk damage: Erb-Duchenne palsy “waiter’s tip” posturing. Damage to the suprascapular and musculocutaneous nerves
What nerve is injured by anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint or humeral neck fracture?
Axillary nerve: paralysis of deltoid, teres minor, and sensory of upper lateral arm
What is Dobutamine’s effect?
Beta adrenergic agonist (B1 mostly, some B2 and A1)
Inotropy, weakly chronotropic
What pathology presents as cuboidal or polygonal cells with clear abundant cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei?
Clear cell renal carcinoma
Where does Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma originate?
Epithelium of the Proximal Tubules
Amitriptyline side effects can mimic toxicity of what drug?
Atropine
What tumors can produce hCG in males?
Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (malignant testicular tumors)
Very high hCG levels can mimic what hormone, causing sweating and heat intolerance?
TSH
What is a common site of metastasis for Choriocarcinoma?
Lungs
How do organophosphates cause poisoning?
Irreversible AChE inhibition (confusion, miosis, bradycardia, low BP, flushing, diaphoresis, lacrimation, etc)
Derivative of Arginine?
NO
Derivative of Arginine + Aspartate?
Urea
Derivative of Glycine + Syccinyl CoA?
Heme
Derivative of Glycine, arginine, and SAM?
Creatinine
Derivative of Glutamate?
GABA, glutathione
Derivative of Glutamine + Aspartate?
Pyrimidines
Derivative of Glutamine, aspartate and glycine?
Purines
Derivative of Histidine?
Histamine
Derivative of Tyrosine?
DA, Epi, NE, Thyroxine, Melanin
Derivative of Tryptophan?
5-HT, Melatonin, Niacin
Temporal lobe involvement is characteristic of what viral infx?
HSV-1 encephalitis
What are the proto-oncogenes?
“SIS! Are you ABLe to take the RAScals MYC and ERB to TGiF?”
sis (astrocytoma, osteosarcoma)
abl (CML, ALL)
ras (lung, pancreas, colon, kidney, bladder)
N-myc (neuroblastoma, SCC)
ERB (B1: Squamous cell carcinoma, B2: breast and ovarian)
TGFa (astrocytoma, HC carcinom)
What are characteristic findings in multiple myeloma?
Normocytic, normochromic anemia, IL-1 and IL-6 secretion (bone resorption, osteopenia, lytic lesions, hyperCa), abnormal plasma cells secrete abnormal antibodies, AMYLOID birefringence on Congo red stain (apple-green), renal failure
