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Step 1 > 4/2 - UW 39 > Flashcards

4/2 - UW 39 Flashcards

1
Q

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a rare complication of what disease?

A

Measles

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2
Q

What is another name for galactosyl-beta-1,4-glucose?

A

Lactose

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3
Q

How does factor V Leiden cause thrombophilia?

A

Factor Va has resists protein C cleavage

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4
Q

What disorder causes DNA hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation?

A

Ataxia-telangiectasia (autosomal recessive)

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5
Q

What disorder causes DNA hypersensitivity to UV radiation?

A

Xeroderma pigmentosum

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6
Q

What disorder causes DNA hypersensitivity to cross linking agents?

A

Fanconi anemia

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7
Q

What disorder is characterized by generalized chromosomal instability?

A

Bloom syndrome

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8
Q

What disorder causes defects in DNA mismatch-repair?

A

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)

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9
Q

What changes do you see in Ataxia-telangiectasia?

A

Cerebellar atrophy (causing ataxia), oculocutaneous telangiectasia, severe immunodeficiency, cancer risk

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10
Q

What is the Schilling test?

A
  1. Oral radiolabeled vit B12
  2. IM injection unlabeled B12

Normal urinary B12 = normal absorption, thus any deficiency is due to dietary def.

Low urinary B12 = absorption issue

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11
Q

If B12 def is determined to be an absorption issue, how to differentiate between pernicious anemia and malabsorption?

A

Pernicious anemia: autoimmune destruction of parietal cells in atrophic gastritis, so giving B12 with IF would result in normal urinary B12.

Malabsorption: pancreatic insufficiency, bacterial overgrowth, short gut syndrome, so even B12 with IF would not give normal urinary excretion

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12
Q

With what drug should AIDS patients be prophylactically treated for PCP?

A

TMP-SMX (first line)

Dapsone (in case of allergy, but must check G6PD level!)

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13
Q

What are some common precipitating factors of G6PD deficiency?

A
  1. Infx
  2. Drugs (dapson, antimalarials, sulfonamide abx)
  3. DKA
  4. Fava beans
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14
Q

What is suggested by anemia, elevated LDH and indirect bilirubin, and a positive osmotic fragility test?

A

Hemolytic anemia with spherocytes

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15
Q

How does chronic hemolysis cause pigmented gallstones?

A

Increased bilirubin precipitate as calcium bilirubinate.

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16
Q

Folate deficiency requires supplement of what AA?

A

Thymidine!

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17
Q

What segment of the GI tract is affected by Hirschsprung disease?

A

Colon: migration of neural crest cells goes proximal to caudal, so rectum is always involved.

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18
Q

Where is airway resistance the highest?

A

In the medium sized bronchi

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19
Q

What are some common presentations of CMV in AIDS patients?

A

Retinitis
Esophageal ulcers
Colitis

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20
Q

What is the term for the process by which a bacteriophage infects a bacterium, integrating its genome into the bacteria?

A

Lysogenization

21
Q

What organism gains pathogenicity by transformation of capsule genes?

A

S. pneumoniae

22
Q

What organism gains pathogenicity by conjugation-mediated pili production?

A

E. coli

23
Q

What organism gains pathogenicity by lysogenization-mediated exotoxin production?

A

C. diphtheriae

24
Q

What are the selective beta blockers (b1)?

A

Metoprolol, atenolol, acebutolol, esmolol

25
Q

What is a common cause of injury to the long thoracic nerve?

A

Mastectomy

26
Q

What is a common presentation after violent stretch between the head and shoulder?

A

Brachial plexus upper trunk damage: Erb-Duchenne palsy “waiter’s tip” posturing. Damage to the suprascapular and musculocutaneous nerves

27
Q

What nerve is injured by anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint or humeral neck fracture?

A

Axillary nerve: paralysis of deltoid, teres minor, and sensory of upper lateral arm

28
Q

What is Dobutamine’s effect?

A

Beta adrenergic agonist (B1 mostly, some B2 and A1)

Inotropy, weakly chronotropic

29
Q

What pathology presents as cuboidal or polygonal cells with clear abundant cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei?

A

Clear cell renal carcinoma

30
Q

Where does Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma originate?

A

Epithelium of the Proximal Tubules

31
Q

Amitriptyline side effects can mimic toxicity of what drug?

A

Atropine

32
Q

What tumors can produce hCG in males?

A

Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (malignant testicular tumors)

33
Q

Very high hCG levels can mimic what hormone, causing sweating and heat intolerance?

A

TSH

34
Q

What is a common site of metastasis for Choriocarcinoma?

A

Lungs

35
Q

How do organophosphates cause poisoning?

A

Irreversible AChE inhibition (confusion, miosis, bradycardia, low BP, flushing, diaphoresis, lacrimation, etc)

36
Q

Derivative of Arginine?

A

NO

37
Q

Derivative of Arginine + Aspartate?

A

Urea

38
Q

Derivative of Glycine + Syccinyl CoA?

A

Heme

39
Q

Derivative of Glycine, arginine, and SAM?

A

Creatinine

40
Q

Derivative of Glutamate?

A

GABA, glutathione

41
Q

Derivative of Glutamine + Aspartate?

A

Pyrimidines

42
Q

Derivative of Glutamine, aspartate and glycine?

A

Purines

43
Q

Derivative of Histidine?

A

Histamine

44
Q

Derivative of Tyrosine?

A

DA, Epi, NE, Thyroxine, Melanin

45
Q

Derivative of Tryptophan?

A

5-HT, Melatonin, Niacin

46
Q

Temporal lobe involvement is characteristic of what viral infx?

A

HSV-1 encephalitis

47
Q

What are the proto-oncogenes?

A

“SIS! Are you ABLe to take the RAScals MYC and ERB to TGiF?”
sis (astrocytoma, osteosarcoma)
abl (CML, ALL)
ras (lung, pancreas, colon, kidney, bladder)
N-myc (neuroblastoma, SCC)
ERB (B1: Squamous cell carcinoma, B2: breast and ovarian)
TGFa (astrocytoma, HC carcinom)

48
Q

What are characteristic findings in multiple myeloma?

A

Normocytic, normochromic anemia, IL-1 and IL-6 secretion (bone resorption, osteopenia, lytic lesions, hyperCa), abnormal plasma cells secrete abnormal antibodies, AMYLOID birefringence on Congo red stain (apple-green), renal failure

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