3/22 - UW 18

Question 1

What are the two acid buffers used to trap H+ in the renal tubular lumen?

Answer 1

HPO4 and NH3

Question 2

What maternal disease is associated with fetal Caudal Regression Syndrome?

Answer 2

DM

Question 3

Maternal overdose of what vitamin causes fetal sx similar to DiGeorge syndrome?

Answer 3

Vit A

Question 4

Which of the 5 glucose transporters (GLUT) are responsive to insulin?

Answer 4

GLUT 4 (muscles cells and adipocytes)

Question 5

How do Eosinophils defend against parasitic infxn?

Answer 5

Ab dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), with IgE

Question 6

What ligament is displaced in a “nursemaid’s elbow”?

Answer 6

Annular ligament

Question 7

What happens to the endometrial cells upon withdrawal of progesterone?

Answer 7

Apoptosis (not atrophy)

Question 8

Straddle injuries are associated with anterior or posterior urethral

Answer 8

Anterior urethra

Question 9

What color is hemosiderin?

Answer 9

Golden yellow brown

Question 10

What do you give for absence sz?

Answer 10

Ethosuximide or Sodium valproate

Question 11

What are the most feared, but uncommon side effects of Carbamazepine?

Answer 11

Agranulocytosis

Aplastic anemia

Question 12

Displaced lens in a child (3-10 years) = ??

Answer 12

Homocystinuria

Question 13

Homocystinuria looks like…?

Answer 13

Ectopia lentis, marfanoid habitus, osteoporosis, thromboembolic episodes

Question 14

What vitamin to give homocytinuria patients?

Answer 14

B6 (pyridoxine)

Question 15

Which 2 enzymes in the heme biosynthesis pathway are sensitive to lead inhibition?

Answer 15

d-ALAD and ferrochelatase

Question 16

What infection presents with flu-like prodrome followed by neurologic syndrome (agitation, disorientation, pharyngospasm, photophobia)?

Answer 16

Rabies encephalitis (Rhabdoviridae)

Question 17

What receptor does CMV bind to?

Answer 17

Cellular integrins

Question 18

What receptor does EBV bind to?

Answer 18

CR2 (CD21)

Question 19

What receptor does HIV bind to?

Answer 19

CD4 and CXCR4/CCR5

Question 20

What receptor does Rabies bind to?

Answer 20

Nicotinic ACh receptor

Question 21

What receptor does rhinovirus bind to?

Answer 21

ICAM1 (CD54)

Question 22

What promoter region resides 25 nucleotides upstream from the target gene?

Answer 22

TATA box

Question 23

What promoter region resides 70-80 nucleotides upstream from the target gene?

Answer 23

CAAT box

Question 24

What are the two COMT blockers?

Answer 24

Entacapone and tolcapone, blocking catecholamine metabolism

Question 25

How does COMT blocker improve levodopa activity?

Answer 25

Decreasing peripheral methylation

Question 26

What are the major side effects of metformin?

Answer 26

GI upset

Lactic acidosis

Question 27

What labs should you check when administering metformin?

Answer 27

Creatinine

LFTs

Question 28

What type of cardiotoxicity from anthracyclines?

Answer 28

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 29

What should you give for doxorubicin (anthracycline) cardiomyopathy?

Answer 29

Dexrazoxane (iron-chelating agent that decrases O2 free radical formation)

Question 30

Lansoprazole MOA?

Answer 30

Proton pump inhibitor

Question 31

Cimetidine MOA?

Answer 31

Histamine H2 receptor blocker

Question 32

What are bony prominences at the costochondral junctions and bowed legs suggestive of?

Answer 32

Vit. D def

Question 33

What changes in bone structure are seen in vit D def?

Answer 33

Unmineralized osteoid matrix accumulation

Question 34

What does bromodeoxyuridine uptake tell you about a tumor?

Answer 34

Grade