4/2 - UW 40

Question 1

Why might you not take nitrates at night?

Answer 1

Decrease tolerance development

Question 2

How do tumor cells often resist chemotherapy?

Answer 2

Active transport (eg MDR1 gene produces P-glycoprotein, normally in intestinal and renal tubular epithelial cells and capillary endothelium of BBB.)

Question 3

Development of secondary sexual characteristics below what age in Caucasian girls is considered Precocious Puberty?

Answer 3

< 7 yo

Question 4

What organ can commonly be damaged by abdominal trauma, causing retroperitoneal hematoma?

Answer 4

Pancreas

Question 5

How do alpha-glucosidease inhibitors control blood sugar? What are they?

Answer 5

Decrease activity of disaccharidases on the brush border. Acarbose and miglitol.

Question 6

Aside from allopurinol, what is another drug that can be used to prevent hyperuricemia (ie in tumor lysis syndrome)?

Answer 6

Rasburicase

Question 7

What is released in tumor lysis syndrome? Sequelae?

Answer 7

Potassium, phosphorous, nucleic acids.

Potassium: arrhythmias
Nucleic acids: metabolized to uric acid, causing obstructive uropathy and ARF

Question 8

Accumulation of what molecule causes pigment deposition in Alkaptonuria?

Answer 8

Homogentisic acid

Question 9

In what disorder does urine turn black when exposed to room air?

Answer 9

Alkaptonuria (AR, benign disorder)

Question 10

What is the most important environmental risk factor for pancreatic cancer?

Answer 10

Smoking

Question 11

What animal carries Schistosoma?

Answer 11

Freshwater snail (incubate infectious larvae)

Question 12

Which Schistosoma species migrates to the intestine (mesenteric venules)?

Answer 12

S. japonicum and S. mansoni

Question 13

Which Schistosoma species migrates to the venous plexus of the urinary bladder?

Answer 13

S. haematobium

Question 14

What cells mediate the clinical manifestations of schistosomiasis?

Answer 14

Th2 mediated granulomatous response (Th2 cells, eosinophils, M2 macrophages) against the eggs

Question 15

The dog tapeworm (Echinococcus granulosus) is the most common causes of what?

Answer 15

Hydatid cysts

Question 16

Which tapeworm can cause vit B12 def? What animal transmits it?

Answer 16

Diphyllobothrium latum, from raw freshwater fish

Question 17

Acute necrotizing pancreatitis is a major risk factor for what lung pathology?

Answer 17

ARDS (injury to pulmonary microvascular endothelium or alveolar epithelium cause alveoli to become lined with HYALINE)

Question 18

In what lung pathology do you see destruction of interalveolar septae?

Answer 18

Emphysema

Question 19

Abrupt onset of gross hematuria with FH of Sickle Cell suggests what pathology?

Answer 19

Renal Papillary Necrosis

Question 20

What conditions are most strongly associated with renal papillary necrosis?

Answer 20

• Sickle cell
• Analgesic nephropathy (esp phenacetin, withdrawn from US)
• DM
• Acute pyelonephritis and urinary tract obstruction

Question 21

What drug requires activation by mycobacterial catalase peroxidase to be active?

Answer 21

Isoniazid

Question 22

What abx act on 50S?

Answer 22

Chloramphenicol, clindamycin, linezolid, macrolides

Question 23

What abx act on 30S?

Answer 23

Tetracycline, doxycycline, aminoglycosides

Question 24

What precipitates the fibrinous or serofribrinous pericarditis that develops 2-4 post-MI?

Answer 24

Transmural necrosis

Question 25

Over three months use of appetite suppressants (fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, phentermine) can cause what?

Answer 25

Secondary pulmonary HTN

Question 26

What cells produce Mullerian Inhibiting Factor?

Answer 26

Sertoli

Question 27

What is a common side effect of TZDs?

Answer 27

Weight gain, edema, precipitation/exacerbation of CHF