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Step 1 > 4/5 - UW 47 > Flashcards

4/5 - UW 47 Flashcards

1
Q

What does 99mmTc-pertechnetate scan detect?

A

Gastric mucosa

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2
Q

What is the syndrome with N. meningitidis septicemia with adrenal hemorrhage?

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

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3
Q

HTN in pregnancy, consider what??

A

Pre-eclampsia! HTN, proteinuria, edema

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4
Q

What is neurophysin?

A

Carrier protein for oxytocin and ADH from hypothalamus to PP

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5
Q

What protein is the central regulator of iron homeostasis? What organ produces it?

A

Hepcidin, from the liver. Iron increases its production, which downregulates ferroportin

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6
Q

How does Hepcidin regulate iron levels?

A

It binds to Ferroportin on macrophages and enterocytes, causing it to be internalized and degraded.

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7
Q

What defect gives disproportionate short stature? (short, thick long bones in appendicular skeleton, normal axial length)

A

Achondroplastic dwarfism (mutation in Fibroblast Growth Factor receptor inhibits epiphyseal growth)

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8
Q

When can you see proportional short stature? (axial and appendicular skeleton are proportionate)

A

GH/IGF-1 deficiency

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9
Q

What sort of cardiac response would you see to a PE?

A

Decreased blood delivered to L side = decreased CO and compensatory tachycardia

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10
Q

What is Samter’s triad?

A

Asthma
Aspirin hypersensitivity
Nasal polyposis

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11
Q

Very high dose ASA causes what sx?

A

Salicylism:
Vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss

Respiratory stimulation: hyperpnea (thus resp alk, and metab acid from salicylate accumulation)

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12
Q

Sudden onset focal numbness and tingling that fully resolves within minutes is suggestive of what pathology? Best tx?

A

TIA, treat w low dose ASA

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13
Q

Why is a dexamethasone suppression test effective in differentiating between pituitary and ectopic ACTH secretion?

A

Pituitary ACTH hypersecretion is only partially resistent to glucocorticoid feedback: will respond to dexa

Ectopic ATCH is completely resistant to feedback: will NOT respond to dexa

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14
Q

What is the approximate volume of water in:
Total body
ECF
Plasma

A

TBW: ~40L
ECF: ~15L (1/3 of TBW)
Plasma: ~3L (1/5 of ECF)

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15
Q

In what direction does hepatic encephalopathy affect inhibitory and excitatory NT release?

A

Inhibitory: increased
Excitatory: decreased

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16
Q

How does lactulose treat hepatic encephalopathy?

A

Bacterial metabolism of lactulose acidifies the colon, trapping ammonium ions in the gut to be excreted

17
Q

What are some precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy?

A

Drugs (sedatives, narcotics)
Hypovolemia
Excess nitrogen load (GI bleeding, constipation)
Infections

18
Q

What type of nephropathy shows Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules?

A

Diabetic (Nodular) Nephropathy

19
Q

What type of nephropathy shows “tram tracks”?

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (IC deposits, associated with heptatis)

20
Q

What type of nephropathy is associated with HIV, heroin, and obesity?

A

FSGS

21
Q

What is the most likely outcome for HBV infection? HCV?

A

HBV: Complete resolution
HCV: Stable chronic hepatitis

22
Q

What type of gastric mucosal defect extends into the submucosa? Which type stops at the muscularis mucosa?

A

ULCERS extend into the submucosal layer and the muscularis propria
EROSIONS do not penetrate past the muscularis mucosa

23
Q

Acute obstruction of small airways in infants is usually due to what infection?

A

RSV (treat with RIBavirin)

24
Q

What mutation is associated with Polycythemia Vera?

A

V617F involving the JAK2 gene, making hematopoietic cells more sensitive to growth factors

25
Q

What is an important side effect of Risperidone (anti-psychotic)?

A

Hyperprolactinemia, due to anti-DAergic properties

26
Q

What neuromuscular blocking agent can cause hyperkalemia?

A

Succinylcholine, in patients with burns, myopathies, crush injuries, and denervation

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