Exam 3 Week 12 ppt 14 Gait and Apraxia

Question 1

Gait is (voluntary/ involuntary)

Answer 1

a voluntarily deployed movement

Question 2

Gait is (learned/instinctual)

Answer 2

instinctual

Question 3

When are stepping patterns present?

Answer 3

~present at birth

• *Operational synergies contained in spinal cord in the form of Central pattern generators (CPGs)
• *what the person does consciously is simply to Modify these organized synergies based upon environmental demands

Question 4

Gait is a function resulting from integration of

Answer 4

control of:
~cortical areas
~cerebellum
~basal ganglia
~spinal cord

Question 5

abnormalities in gait caused by

Answer 5

~can occur with dysfunction of a variety of nervous system structures
~gait disturbances can be caused by a variety of non-neural causes

Question 6

Types of Gait Disorders

Answer 6

~Ataxic
~Tabetic
~Hemiplegic
~Diplegic
~Parkinsonain
~Dyskinetic

Question 7

Types of apraxia

Answer 7

~ideational
~ideomotor
~kinetic
~oral

Question 8

Ataxic Gait

Answer 8

~Wide base of support

~irregular/erratic weight shifts and velocity

Question 9

Tabetic Gait

Answer 9

Also called sensory ataxia
~Wide base of support
~high stepping (steppage)
~drop foot
~irregular/erratic cadence
~ataxia

Question 10

Hemiplegic Gait

Answer 10

Also called spastic gait 
~Slow, stiff leg
~circumduction
~foot drop
~flexed arm posture with no swing

Question 11

Diplegic Gait

Answer 11

Also called spastic gait 
~faster
~ataxic
~stiff leg, circumducted, adducted
~hip & knees flexes
~plantar flexion
~foot drop
~flexed arm posture with no swing

Question 12

Parkinsonain Gait

Answer 12

~Slow, stiff, shuffling gait
~no arm swing
~can be a quick, short stepping (festinating gait)

Question 13

Dyskinetic Gait

Answer 13

~Rapid, fragmented movement intrusions
~ataxia
~dance like movement

Question 14

Ataxic Gait is caused by

Answer 14

~Cerebellar in origin

Question 15

Tabetic Gait is caused by

Answer 15

~due to Peripheral nerve damage

Question 16

Where does the term tabetic in tabetic gait come from?

Answer 16

~term comes from tabies dorsalis – syphilitic cell death of dorsal root ganglion cells but may be due to other conditions

Question 17

Hemiplegic Gait is caused by

Answer 17

Cerebral stroke.

Question 18

Diplegic gait is often seen in

Answer 18

Cerebral Palsy

Question 19

Dyskinetic gait is the result of

Answer 19

basal ganglia damage – caudate or subthalamic nucleus as seen in Huntington’s chorea

Question 20

Apraxia is

Answer 20

lack the motor plan to performance of voluntary movement

Question 21

ideational apraxia

Answer 21

~Inability to organize single actions into a sequence for intended purpose as in the Loss of knowledge of the movement
~Cortical in origin – no specific area but parieto-occipital area very important

Question 22

Ideomotor apraxia

Answer 22

~Inability to translate the idea of the action into an appropriate motor program
~involves the Lack of proper sequencing of movement
~associated with damage to supramarginal gyrus or superior parietal lobule

Question 23

KInetic apraxia

Answer 23

~form of Clumsiness
~loss of hand and finger dexterity
~not due to paresis, ataxia, or sensory loss
~due to Damage to pre-motor cortex

Question 24

Oral apraxia

Answer 24

~Inability to execute facial movements on command

~due to damage of the inferior frontal gyrus Continuous with Broca’s area

Question 25

Oral apraxia and motor aphasia

Answer 25

• *remember oral apraxia and motor aphasia are two very different pathologies
• *often coexist because of the anatomical proximity of the distributed neural networks subserving praxis and language exists in the left, dominant hemisphere