what i did not know mr smith

Question 1

why does crdiovascular dift take place

Answer 1

when perfomer is at steady state and Hr should stay the same
prolonged exercise (over 10 mins)
warm enviorments
instead Hr has a slow climb
due to sweat lost when running
some of this lost fluid comes from lasma volume
decrease in plasma volume, reduce veous return and stroke volume
minimise cariovascular drift, imporant to maintain high fluid consumptin before and after exercise

Question 2

two types of cholesterol

Answer 2

LDL-bad cholestrol
increases risk of heart disease
HDL-good cholestrol
reduces risk of heart disease

Question 3

stroke

Answer 3

takes place when blood supply to brain is cut off

Question 4

venous return

Answer 4

blood returns back to the heart via veins

Question 5

venous return mechanisms

Answer 5

skeltal muscle pump
repsiratory pump
pocket valves

Question 6

skeletal muscle pump

Answer 6

as muscles contract and relax, change shape
change in shape courses them to be press on nearby veins
causing pumping effect
blood squeezed back to heart

Question 7

respiratory pump

Answer 7

as breath in and out, pressure chnage
pressure change presses on enarby veins
causing bllod to push back up to heart

Question 8

pocket valves

Answer 8

opena nd close, to assure blood flows only in 1 direction
prevents lood backflow

Question 9

transportation of 02

Answer 9

capilleries-dusing exercise, 3% diffuses in plasma, 97% of hb combines with oxygen casuing oxyhameoglobin

tissues-oxyen released from oxyhamholgib sue to lower pressure there. oxyhameolgoib dissocistion

mucles-o2 stored by myglobin. has higher affintity so will store oxygen for mitiochnodria to when used by msucles

Question 10

distribtuion of blood

Answer 10

blood is redictributed to wokring msucles where demand for oxygen is higher
reason why you should not eat less than an hour in advce to comp, as blood will be distributed to stomach rather then working muscles
restibution of blood to areas most needed-vascular shunt mechnisms

Question 11

control of blood flow

Answer 11

vasocilation-blood vessels wident o allow more blood flow
vaslconstirction-blood vessels narror to reduce blood flow

Question 12

pathway of air

Answer 12

nose
larynx
pharnc
trachea
bronchus
bronchi
bronchioles

Question 13

tidal volume

Answer 13

colume of air breathed in and out per breath
increases during exercise

Question 14

minute ventialiation

Answer 14

volume of air breathed in and out per minute

Question 15

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 15

volume of air forcibly inspired after normal breath

Question 16

expiratory reserv volume

Answer 16

volume of air forcfully expired after normal breath

Question 17

residual volume

Answer 17

volume of air left in lungs after max expiration

Question 18

V02 difference

Answer 18

differnce between oxygen content of arterial blood arriving at the msucles and the venous return leaving the muscles

Question 19

what is gaseos echange concerned about

Answer 19

getting oxygen in air into lungs so it can diffuse into blood and be transported to ceels around the body

removal of carbon dioxide from the blood

Question 20

partial pressure

Answer 20

pressure exerted by an individual gas when it exists within a mixture of gases

Question 21

diffusion

Answer 21

movement of air molecules from an area of high concenrtation partical pressure to an an area of low concentration partial pressure

Question 22

gaseous exchange in alveoli

Answer 22

partial pressure of 02 is higher in alveloi then capillery
because oxygen has been removed by muscles

Question 23

diffusion/concetratio n gradient

Answer 23

difference in partial pressure
bigger the gradient, faster t=diffusion will be
oxygen will diffuse in alveloi into blood until pressure is equal for both

Question 24

diffusion pathway of alveloi

Answer 24

alveloi-blood-muscles

Question 25

diffusion pathway of c02 in msucles

Answer 25

msucles-blood-alveloi

Question 26

how does gaseris echange work

Answer 26

if the partical pressure of 02 is higher in one then the other, diffusion takes place then it will diffuse into the other one, until both are equal

Question 27

gaseous exchange at muscles

Question 28

neural control

Answer 28

involves brain and nervous system

Question 29

chemical control

Answer 29

concerns blood acidioty
both work toegtehr to regulate breathing

Question 30

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 30

prepares body for excerrise
increase HR