what i did not know mr smith Flashcards
why does crdiovascular dift take place
when perfomer is at steady state and Hr should stay the same
prolonged exercise (over 10 mins)
warm enviorments
instead Hr has a slow climb
due to sweat lost when running
some of this lost fluid comes from lasma volume
decrease in plasma volume, reduce veous return and stroke volume
minimise cariovascular drift, imporant to maintain high fluid consumptin before and after exercise
two types of cholesterol
LDL-bad cholestrol
increases risk of heart disease
HDL-good cholestrol
reduces risk of heart disease
stroke
takes place when blood supply to brain is cut off
venous return
blood returns back to the heart via veins
venous return mechanisms
skeltal muscle pump
repsiratory pump
pocket valves
skeletal muscle pump
as muscles contract and relax, change shape
change in shape courses them to be press on nearby veins
causing pumping effect
blood squeezed back to heart
respiratory pump
as breath in and out, pressure chnage
pressure change presses on enarby veins
causing bllod to push back up to heart
pocket valves
opena nd close, to assure blood flows only in 1 direction
prevents lood backflow
transportation of 02
capilleries-dusing exercise, 3% diffuses in plasma, 97% of hb combines with oxygen casuing oxyhameoglobin
tissues-oxyen released from oxyhamholgib sue to lower pressure there. oxyhameolgoib dissocistion
mucles-o2 stored by myglobin. has higher affintity so will store oxygen for mitiochnodria to when used by msucles
distribtuion of blood
blood is redictributed to wokring msucles where demand for oxygen is higher
reason why you should not eat less than an hour in advce to comp, as blood will be distributed to stomach rather then working muscles
restibution of blood to areas most needed-vascular shunt mechnisms
control of blood flow
vasocilation-blood vessels wident o allow more blood flow
vaslconstirction-blood vessels narror to reduce blood flow
pathway of air
nose
larynx
pharnc
trachea
bronchus
bronchi
bronchioles
tidal volume
colume of air breathed in and out per breath
increases during exercise
minute ventialiation
volume of air breathed in and out per minute
inspiratory reserve volume
volume of air forcibly inspired after normal breath
expiratory reserv volume
volume of air forcfully expired after normal breath
residual volume
volume of air left in lungs after max expiration
V02 difference
differnce between oxygen content of arterial blood arriving at the msucles and the venous return leaving the muscles
what is gaseos echange concerned about
getting oxygen in air into lungs so it can diffuse into blood and be transported to ceels around the body
removal of carbon dioxide from the blood
partial pressure
pressure exerted by an individual gas when it exists within a mixture of gases
diffusion
movement of air molecules from an area of high concenrtation partical pressure to an an area of low concentration partial pressure
gaseous exchange in alveoli
partial pressure of 02 is higher in alveloi then capillery
because oxygen has been removed by muscles
diffusion/concetratio n gradient
difference in partial pressure
bigger the gradient, faster t=diffusion will be
oxygen will diffuse in alveloi into blood until pressure is equal for both
diffusion pathway of alveloi
alveloi-blood-muscles
diffusion pathway of c02 in msucles
msucles-blood-alveloi
how does gaseris echange work
if the partical pressure of 02 is higher in one then the other, diffusion takes place then it will diffuse into the other one, until both are equal
gaseous exchange at muscles
neural control
involves brain and nervous system
chemical control
concerns blood acidioty
both work toegtehr to regulate breathing
sympathetic nervous system
prepares body for excerrise
increase HR
