mr tweedale-information proccessing Flashcards
information processing
method by which data from environment is collected and utilised
input
information picked up from the senses
performer uses senses to pick up info from the environment
display-sporting environment
SAT BK
sight
auditory
touch
balance
kinathesis
senses
sight
auditory
touch
balance
kinathesis
SAT BK
sight (vision)
external sense (info collected from environment)
performer can pick up flight of ball, position of opponent
what are the senses also known as
receptors systems
sporting example of hearing
hearing call of team mate
sound of a referres whistle
what are the internal senses
touch
balance
kinathesis
internal as used from within
touch used in sport
feel grip on ball
feel of springboard
balce sporting example
gymnast needing to balanced on a pole
free throw in basketball need to be balanced to create more accurate shot
kinathesis
sense from within performer
really info about body position and muscle tension
decision making stage
performer makes decision about all info collected from senses
selective attention and memory system very important
selective attention-filtering relevant info from irrelevant info
developing selective attention
in top class performers,automatic
stimuli
the relentant item of info from the display e.g flight of the ball
selective attention
filtering relevant info from irrelevant info
ways to help develop selective attention
making stimulus more intense so it’s more focused/concentrated on
e.g making stimulus more bright, intense and loud
help develop concentration
e.g football training use of bright ball
improved motivation, increase selective attention
coaches could use rewards to increase motivation
benefits of selective attention
improve reaction time
improved chances of making correct decision
components in whitney’s model
perceptual-DCR process
Translators
Effector mechanism
feedback
polly taught evan feedback
perception
process of coding and interpreting sensory info
has 3 elements-DCR process
detection
comparison
recognition
detection
performer has picked up info and identified it as important (using senses and selective attention)
involved in the input stage
comparison stage
involves trying to match the info identified as important to info already in the memory
recognition stage
performer has used info from memory to find appropriate response
response can then be put into action
translators mechanisms
helps convert info so decisions are made
uses coded info from perceptual process to pick out an appropriate motor programme
effector mechanism
responsible for delivering decisions made during perceptual process to muscles so that muscles can perform the action
feedback
info used during or after response to aid movement correction
includes types of feedback:
positive and negative and knowledge of results
phonological loop (deals with auditory info)
coach’s instructions
call of a team mate
sound of ball hitting racquet
deals with auditory info
phonological store and articulately process
what does the phonological store and articulately process do
help produce memory trace
memory trace
mental idea of skill which can be sent to LTM
visuospatial sketchpad
concerns visual and spatial movement
helps process feel for a movement
holds info on what we see
further divided into visual cache and inner scribe
visual cache-holds info about form and colour
inner scribe- deals with spatial movement
episodic buffer
responsible for coordinating work of phonological looop and visuuospeatial sketchpad into sequences
produces sequences which can then be sent to LTM
schema theory
used to adapt an existing motor programme
initial conditions
refers to info from sporting environment that must be recognised before schema is used
example in sport where initial conditions used
e.g position on court
WHERE AM I
response specifications
info used from environment is used to assess available options for performer
what are the first two parts of the schema theory collectively known as
recall schema
used to initiate movement before action takes place
what are the second two parts of the schema theory known as
recognition schemas
(sensory consequences, response outcome)
sensory consequences
concerns use of senses to help guide movement
info about feel of the movement
recognition schema
controls movement
happens during action
response outcome
feedback after the result
motor programme and schema are both updated
did the pass reach intended target
ways coach can help with schemas
varying practice condiditons
response time
time taken from onset stimulus to onset response
involves no movement
fraction of second it takes us to process stimuli
example in sport of reaction time during race
time from hearing the gun to about to push against the blocks
movement time
time taken to complete the task
example of movement time in sport race
time between pushing against blocks to hitting the tape
response time
time taken from onset of stimulus to completion of task
example of response time in sport race
time between hearing gun and hitting tape
response time calculation
response time=reaction time plus movement time
simple reaction time
where there is one specific response to one stimulus
athlete has only one think to think about so fast response
choice reaction time
choosing from numerous stimuli
slower response time
hicks law
relationship between number of choices and response time
as reaction time increases, number of choices increases
hicks law states
more choices we have, slower the reaction
single channel hypothesis
states stimuli can only be processed one at a time
second stimulus must wait until first has been processed
like traffic in queue
delay of waiting for second stimulus, increases response time
more choices, the slower the response
psychological refractory period
explains delay that occurs as only can process one stimulus at a time
explains what happens if stimulus arrives before we have processed first stimulus
causes delay
called psychological refractory period
performer may freeze
anticipation
performer tries to prejudge a stimulus
performer tries to work out what’s gonna happen before it does
temporal anticipation
pre judging when the stimulus is going to happen
spatial anticipation
where and what the stimuli is going to be
