mr smith-repiratory system Flashcards
what happens to air
taken into body by nose
passes through pharynx
passes through larynx(voice box)
moves down trachea (windpipe)
into right and left bronchus
air moves through each bronchus
subdivide into secondary bronchi
get thinner and branch into bronchioles
lead into alveoli
(nearly lobbed the ball brilliantly again)
what is the alveoli repsonsible for
exchange of gases between the lungs and blood
occurs through difsiusion
what is diffusion
movement of air particles from high concentration to low concentration
what is air
mixture of gases
mechanics of breathing
air always move from any of high pressure to area of low pressure (diffusion)
greater the difference in pressure, faster the air will flow
to get air in (inspiration) pressure must be lower in lunges then atmosphere
to get air out (expiration) pressure must be higher in atmosphere then lungs
msucles used during breathing at REST
inspiration -Diaphram, External intercostals
expiration-passive diaphram and external intercostals
muscles sued for breathing during exercise
diaphragm
external intercostals
sternocleidomastoid
scaleses
pectoralis minor
internal intercostals
abdominals
lung volumes
inspiration-taking air into the lungs
expiration-taking air out of the lungs
tidal volume
volume of air inspired and expired per breath
minute ventilation
volume of air inspired and expired per minute
how do you calculate minute ventialtion
number of breaths times tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume
volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath
expiratory reserve volume
volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath
residual volume
amount of air left in lungs after max expiration
always air left in lungs no matter how much air we breath out
because trachea, alveoli, bronchi and trachea are held open permanently by cartilage
what are the lung volumes impact from exercise
tidal volume-increases
inspiratory reserve volume-decreases
expiratory researve volume-decreases (slightly)
residual volume-stays the same
minute ventilation-big increase
what can we measure the volume of air breathed in and out with
spirometer
how to place the lung volumes on a diagram
residual volume-placed below
expiratory researve volume-placed just above it
ispiratory reserve volume-placed above it
tidal volume-waves
hpw does minute ventialtion change through exercise
higher the intensity, the more the perfomer will breathe as need to meet extra demand for oxygen
what are gaseous exchange 2 functions
getting rid of carbon dioxide in blood
getting air into lungs so that it can diffuse into blood and be transported to cells in body
what does smoking do
has huge effect on respiratory system
-irritation of trachea and bronchi
-reduces lung function
-increases breathlessness due to swelling and narrowing of lung airways -damages cells lining of trachea, bronchiles
what is cilia
tiny hair like structures which sweet away fluids
