mr tweedale-paper 2 Flashcards
what is personality
unique physiological make up
trait theory
individual is born with innate characteristics called traits
stable and stay same inn different situations
e.g extrovert basketball player, trains with extrovert mannerisms
issues with trait theory
doesn’t take into account behaviour change
social learning approach
suggests behaviour is learnt from significiant others
rather then born with charcteristics, learn them from others espically ones we lookup to, significant others
e.g role models
learn from actions that ae succesful and rewarded/reinforced
learn by
observe
identify
rreinforce
copy
olly is randal c
socialisation
picking up behaviour from others
interactionist perspective
theory which combines trait and social learning to predict behaviour in sporting situations
suggests traits we are born with are adapted to the situation
e.g. performer who is assertive, dominant, would use traits in game situation when there is a need to impose a presence on the play
Hollander approach
beleievd personality made up of three feautures
core of performer-represnts values and beliefs of performer
typical response-how it is displayed to the sporting situation
role-related behaviour-peformer may adopt to specifc role when demands
sporting example of Hollander approach
core-rugby player has values of strong ethic and wants to work hard
typical response-when team struggling,may run back and defend to help team
attitudes
what you think about something
opinion
value or belief towards something
attitudes are formed by socialisation-picking up values/beliefs from others
attitude components
Cognitive-simply what you think, your beliefs
e.g in sport simply believing you will win before you start
Affective part-concerns feelings and emotions of performer
when performer enjoys taking part
Behavioural part-what you do
actions and habits of performer
player who shows to every training shows good behavioural part
CAB
attitude change
attiutes can be both positive and negative
persuasive communication
cognitive dissociance
cognitive dissocciance
where coach puts pressure on
coach may give player new approach implying that their attitude is currently wrong
makign activity more fun
using rewards and reinforcement
persuasive communication
talking to promote change in attitude and beliefs
may be difficualt as belaifes are very stable so hard to chnage
arousal in sport
level of activation, degree of readiness to perform
energised state
readiness to perform drive to achieve
drive theory
based on assumption that as arousal increases, so does performance levels
drive and dominant response
idea that increased arousal does not always mean increased drive/performance
performance can not always just improve
high arousal, less info is processed
due to dominant repsonse
dominant repsonse is the stand out repsonse that perfomer feels is correct
normally correct in experts and continue at high levels of perfomamnce
not always correct in beginners, may not be developed and may pick wrong thing to do, decreasing performance
inverted u theory
increased arousal, increases performance but to an optimum point(the moderate level of anxiety) then gradul deteroriation (slow decrease)
both under arousal and over arousal can be equally bad for performance
catastrophe theory
same as inverted u theory
arousal increases with performance but up to an optimum point then sudden dramatic reduction in performance
decrease in performance happens due to cognitive and somantic anxieties
performer may return it back to optimal but only if anxiety is mild
somatic anxiety
physicological anxiety
e.g increase in HR
cognitive anxiety
psychological anxiety
e.g worries about performance, lack of concentration
zone of optimal functioning
believed optimum level is not a point but a zone
zone is differrnt for every perfomer
some zone is in high arousal, some moderate and some low
performers can find their own zone using techniques e.g mental practice
being in zone, can lead to peak flow experience
peak flow experience
feelings and performance levels experienced in zone
timing, action and performance are all perfect
ultimate intrinsic experince
having the belief to complete challenge
clear goals
come from anxiety control, postive mental attitude, high levels of confidence
factors affecting peak flow experience
bad mental preparation
failure to reach optimum arousal levels
effect of injury or fatigue during a game
anxiety in sport
competitive trait theory
competiev state theory
cogntive
somantic
