mr Tweeddale-paper 2 Flashcards
sport group features
-interaction between group members
-collective identity-team can be recognised easily (same colour kit)
-communication-talk to each other and communicate non-verbally
-shared objectives or common goal-prospect of achieving success-players work for each other
tuckmans model
forming-where group comes together
storming-stage of potential conflict
norming-conflicts are resolved, team begins to settle down and cooperate
performing-all team are interactive and work together to achieve their goals
fat slags never pay
length of time to complete process varies depending on size of group, difficulty of task, experience of the players
cohesion in sport
tendency for individuals to work together to achieve their goals, forces that keep group members on task
working together to achieve what they want to achieve
shared aim
the more cohesive a team is, the more successful they are
what are the two types of cohesion
task and social
task cohesion
individuals working together to achieve an end result
can override problems of social cohesion
social cohesion
individuals relating to each other to interact in the group
helps team communication and promotes team spirit
factors that influence cohesion
Personal factors-gender
Environment-group size, age, geography
Leadership-leadership style
Team factors-shared experiences, success, desire
Steiner’s model of group performance
actual productivity=potential productivity-losses due to faulty processes
what is actual productivity
the result
what is potential productivity
groups best performance
what is faulty processes
things we do wrong such as lack of cohesion, poor group coordination and motivational losses
social loafing
loss of individuals motivation due to lack of performance identification
what causes social loafing
negative attitude
lack of reinforcement
low ability
belief your effort wont change the results
low confidence
poor leadership
Ringelmann effect
group performance decreases with group size
-as the group size increases the individual contribution decreases
-more opportunity for communication breakdown
-a study of ‘tug of war’ found that a team of eight did not pull eight times as hard as an individual
how can you prevent social loafing
recognise and reward individual effort
give players specific roles/responsibilities
set individual goals
avoid situations in which social loafing could occur
maintain fitness of group/individuals
organise team bonding activities/create more group identity
what are the types of anxiety
competitive state anxiety
competitive trait anxiety
cognitive
somatic
causes of anxiety
crowd
what is anxiety
a level of nerves and irrational thinking
negatively affect performance
competitive trait anxiety
disposition to suffer from nervousness in all sporting situations
e.g feeling nervous before every game
competitive state anxiety
anxiety response to specific sporting situations
e.g. when taking a penalty
somatic anxiety
a psycholgoical response of a performer e,g increased HR, sweating, muscle tension
cognitive anxiety
a psychological response e.g. worrying about loss, loss of concentration
what are the two tests for testing anxiety
issues with observations
cant watch everything at once
playes may have off day
time consuming process
based on opinion not factual information
adv of observations
realistic and true to life
analyse behaviour before, during and after game
know players and observe anxiety
psychological measures
measured by using a pshyical response from the body
-increased HR
-level of sweat
-rate of repiration
adv of psychiological measures
objective and factual
comparisons made easily
can be measured in training/real competition
