mr smith-neuromuscular system

Question 1

sympathetic system

Answer 1

prepares body for exercise
referred to as fight or flight reponse

Question 2

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

relaxes body
slows down functions
rest and relax

Question 3

what are the three types of mle fibres

Answer 3

slow oxidative type 1
fast oxidative glycolytic type 11a
fast glycotic type 11x
sally fed flynn

Question 4

characteristics of slow twitch fibres type 1

Answer 4

slow contraction speed
adapted for lower intensity exercises
e.g. long distance running
produce their energy aerobically (with oxygen)

Question 5

charcteristics of fast oxidative glycotic (type II

Answer 5

faster contraction speed
can generate greater force of contraction
fatigue very quickly
used for short, intense burts
e.g sprint
use their energy anaerobically (without presence of oxygen)

Question 6

what are the two types of fast twitch fibres

Answer 6

fast oxidative glycotic-type 11a
fast glycotic-type 11x

Question 7

type IIa fast twitch fibre

Answer 7

called oxidative glycotic
more resistant to fatigue
used for events with longer bursts of energy needed
e.g. long distance 1500m run

Question 8

type 11x of fast twitch fibre

Answer 8

fast glycotic
fatigue much quicker then type 11a
used for highly explosive events
e.g 100m sprint
quick, short burst of energy needed

Question 9

charctersitcis of all 3

Answer 9

mitchondria density
capillery density
myoglobin
all go high, medium low

Question 10

what can happen to a muscle fibre through training

Answer 10

can increase in size

Question 11

what is hypertrophy

Answer 11

where the muscle becomes bigger and stronger

Question 12

what are muscle fibres grouped into

Answer 12

muscle units

Question 13

what does a muscle unit consist of

Answer 13

muscle neurone and muscle fibres

Question 14

what size motor units do msucles have

Answer 14

fine, controlled movements-have motor units with little amount of fibres e.g msucle moevemtn of eye

Question 15

what type of motor units will body recruit

Answer 15

for lower intensity exercises, brain will recruit slow twitch motor units
for higher intensity exercises, brain will recruit fast twitch muscle units

Question 17

all or none law

Answer 17

once the motor neurone stimulates muscle fibres. either all contract or none at a

Question 18

what are the two ways to increase the strength of a contraction

Answer 18

wave summation
spatial summation

Question 19

wave summation

Answer 19

where there is a repeated nerve impulse with no time to relax so smooth and doesn’t have twitches

Question 20

PNF

Answer 20

-type of advanced stretching technique
-increases range of movement and flexibility
-most practical is CRAC technique contract relax antognist contract

Question 21

2 types of proprioceptors

Answer 21

golgi tendon organs
muscle spindles

Question 22

muscle spindles

Answer 22

often called stretch receptors
provide info to CNS about how far and fast muscle fibre should be stretched
CNS sends signal back to muscle telling it to contract
triggers stretch reflex
this reflex action causes musle to contract to prevent overstretching
reduce risk of injury

Question 23

golgi tendon organs

Answer 23

detect levels of tension
msucle contracted isometrically
known as autogenic inhibition

Question 24

what is autogenic inhibition

Answer 24

sudden relax of muscle in rerpsonse to high tension

Question 25

steps of PNF

Answer 25

perfomer perfromers passive stretch
with help of partner to lift up their leg
stretched detected by muscle spindels
muscle is stretched too far, stretch reflex should occur
-individual then isometrically contracts leg by pushing against partners hand
-partner should hold enough resistance to keep them in stationery postion
-during isometric contraction, golgi tendon organs are activated
-inhibartory signals they send override the excitary signals from muscle spindles
-delay stretch reflex

Question 26

what are two ways to increase the strength of contraction

Answer 26

spatial summation
wave summation

Question 27

spatial summation

Answer 27

when the strength of a muscle contraction is increased due to recruitment of additional larger, stronger muscle motor units

Question 28

wave summation

Answer 28

calcium is needed for a muscle to contact
if there are repeated nerve impulse with no time to relax, calcium is built up in the muscle cell creating a stronger forceful contraction
this contraction is called a tetanic contraction

Question 29

PNF-propriorepector msuclular faciliation

Answer 29

advanced stretching technique
increases ranges of movement
most practical CRAC technique
contract, relax, antagonist, contract

Question 30

what are the two types of prioproreceptors

Answer 30

msucle spindles and golgi tendon organs

Question 31

msucle fibres

Answer 31

send info about hwo far and fast a muscle is beijg stretched
CNS send signal back telling it to contract, triggers stretch reflex which prevents overstretching

Question 32

golgi tendon organs

Answer 32

detect changes in tension in muscle
muscle contracts isometrically, sense increase in tension and send signals to brain for antagonistic msucle to relax
known as autogenic inhibition

Question 33

what are the stages of PNF

Answer 33

person perfomers passive stretch with help of partner
-extends leg until tension is felt
-detected by msucle spindles
-if msucle stretched too far, then stretch reflex will occur
-individual isometrically contracts muscle by pushing against partner for 10 seconds
-golgi tendon organ si activated
-inhibatory signals overide exciratory signals from msucle spindles
dalaing stretch reflex
-

Question 34

isometric contraction

Answer 34

where there is tension in a muscle but no visiable movement

Question 35

charcteristics

Answer 35

slow twitch have highest amount of