Week 9 - Cumulative Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Which factor(s) are proportional to blood flow rate?

A. Pressure gradient
B. Viscosity
C. Friction
D. Vessel length

F = ▲Pπr⁴
———
8nL

A

A. Pressure gradient

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2
Q

Which hormone impacts the cardiovascular system by vasodilating?

A. Angiotensin
B. Atrial natriuretic peptide
C. ADH
D. Epinephrine

A

B. Atrial natriuretic peptide

All others vasoconstrict & do other functions as well

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3
Q

Circulatory Shock can be caused by many means, but which of these are considered indirect?
A. Hemorrhage
B. Burns
C. Trauma
D. Dehydration

A

B. Burns
D. Dehydration

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4
Q

What two cell types are specifically involved in creating the memory involved in adaptive immunity?

A

B cells & T cells

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5
Q

Active immunization (vaccination) would contain what substance?

A

Antigens – to initiate immune response

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6
Q

Transplant rejection & autoimmunity would both involve this specific immune system component that helps normally to differentiate our cells from foreign cells.

A

Major histocompatibility complex (MHCs)

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7
Q

In Fick’s Law of diffusion of gases, the diffusion rate is proportional to which of the following.

A. Surface area
B. Thickness of respiratory membrane
C. Pressure difference
D. all of the above

A

A. Surface area
C. Pressure difference

Vg = (A)(P1-P2)(D)
——————-
(T)

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8
Q

Name 4 factors that influence the unbinding of O2 from hemoglobin at the tissues.

A
  1. pO2
  2. pCO2
  3. temperature
  4. pH
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9
Q

The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve tells us that under exercise conditions the utilization coefficient would be expected to be _____% of oxygen bound to hemoglobin.

A

75%

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10
Q

At the LUNGS the chloride shift occurs in which direction AND involves exchange for what other ion?

A

Chloride shifts out RBC’s & bicarbonate into

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11
Q

In addition to the medulla oblongata, what two other regions of the brain can regulate respiratory rate?

A
  1. Cortex – voluntary regulation
  2. Hypothalamus – emotional
  3. OR Pons
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12
Q

If pH is low, pCO2 is low & bicarbonate is low, what type of pH disturbance is this specifically?

A

Partially Compensated Metabolic Acidosis

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13
Q

The receptors involved in the baroreflex & chemoreflex of cardiovascular regulation are located in what two regions of the body?

A

Carotid arteries & aorta

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14
Q

Which component of systemic NFP is normally expected to have a value of 0 & for what reason?

A

HPif = 0 due to lymphatics

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15
Q

Antigen presenting cells (APCs) in adaptive immunity act as signals to what cell type stimulating them to go through clonal selection (mitosis)?

A

Naïve helper T cells

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16
Q

The sum of tidal volume, residual volume, inspiratory reserve volume & expiratory reserve volume is known as what?

A

Total lung capacity

17
Q

In accordance with Boyle’s Law as we breathe in, thoracic volume _________, and thoracic pressure _________.

A

Volume increases & pressure decreases

P1V1=P2V2

18
Q

Place these values in order from HIGHEST to LOWEST. The amount of CO2 traveling in the bloodstream…

Dissolved in plasma
Bicarbonate
Bound to hemoglobin

A

Bicarbonate = 70%
Bound to hemoglobin = 20%
Dissolved in plasma = 7-10%

19
Q

If we start to go up in elevation which value will fall first SO2, OR pO2?

A

Partial pressure falls & oxygen saturation may then fall

20
Q

Put these vessel types in order starting closest to the heart and working out to the body.

Resistance arteries
Venules
Distributing arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Conducting arteries

A
  1. Conducting arteries = Elastic
  2. Distributing arteries = Muscular
  3. Resistance arteries = Arterioles
  4. Capillaries
  5. Venules
  6. Veins