Week 7 - Homework

Question 1

What electrolyte condition would be created by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?

a. Hypovolemic hyponatremia.

b. Hypokalemia.

c. Hypervolemic hyponatremia.

d. Hypovolemic hypernatremia.

e. Hypervolemic hypernatremia.

Answer 1

c. Hypervolemic hyponatremia.

Question 2

Addison’s disease would cause what electrolyte imbalance?

a. Hypercalcemia.

b. Hypocalcemia.

c. Hypernatremia.

d. Hypokalemia.

e. Hyperkalemia.

Answer 2

e. Hyperkalemia.

Question 3

Respiratory acidosis is defined as:

a. Lung dysfunction.

b. Insufficient acid production at the stomach.

c. Excessive bicarbonate retention at the kidneys.

d. Bicarbonate deficit.

e. Carbonic acid excess.

Answer 3

e. Carbonic acid excess.

Question 4

Positive Trousseau’s sign refers to simple procedure that elicits a body response in an electrolyte imbalance patient similar to what condition?

a. Seizure.

b. Convulsion.

c. Cardiac arrhythmia.

d. Paresthesia.

e. Carpopedal spasm.

Answer 4

e. Carpopedal spasm.

Question 5

Excessive vitamin D consumption would cause which of the following electrolyte imbalances?

a. Hypokalemia.

b. Hypernatremia.

c. Hypercalcemia.

d. Hyperkalemia.

e. Hyponatremia.

Answer 5

c. Hypercalcemia.

Question 6

Which form of body buffer is the strongest at regulating blood pH?

a. Chemical.

b. Respiratory.

c. Renal.

Answer 6

c. Renal.

Question 7

A crushing injury would be most likely to cause which of the following electrolyte imbalances?

a. Hyperkalemia.

b. Hypernatremia.

c. Hyponatremia.

d. Hypocalcemia.

e. Hypokalemia

Answer 7

a. Hyperkalemia.

Question 8

If an electrolyte imbalance increases smooth muscle contraction what impact is likely?

a. Tremors or tetany in body extremities.

b. Increased heart rate.

c. Diarrhea.

Answer 8

c. Diarrhea.

Question 9

What substance will change our blood pH the most?

a. A buffer.

b. A base that dissociates a small amount.

c. A weak acid.

d. An acid that dissociates substantially.

Answer 9

d. An acid that dissociates substantially.

Question 10

What form of acid do we produce when our cells are doing anaerobic respiration?

a. Ketone bodies.

b. Carbonic acid.

c. Lactic acid.

d. Fatty acids.

e. Phosphoric acid.

Answer 10

c. Lactic acid.

Question 11

If a diuretic regulates sodium at the kidneys as part of its function, what electrolyte imbalance would result from abuse of this diuretic?

a. Hypervolemic hyponatremia.

b. Hypovolemic hypernatremia.

c. Hypovolemic hyponatremia.

d. Hypervolemic hypernatremia.

Answer 11

c. Hypovolemic hyponatremia.

Question 12

What blood protein is important in its role as a blood buffer?

a. Albumin.

b. Fibrinogen.

c. Gammaglobulin.

Answer 12

a. Albumin.

Question 13

Which bicarbonate to hydrogen ion ratio would indicate acidosis?

a. 17:1.

b. 22:1.

c. 20:1.

d. 20:3.

Answer 13

a. 17:1.

Question 14

Examine Lab Handouts page 39 and answer the following question. If a patient has alkalosis, how can cells respond?

a. Potassium ions will be transported into the cell.

b. Hypokalemia will result.

c. All listed options can result.

d. Hydrogen ions will be transported out of the cell.

Answer 14

c. All listed options can result.

Question 15

Identify the potential causes of hypokalemia.

a. Vomiting.

b. Hyperaldosteronism.

c. Alkalosis.

d. All listed options could cause hypokalemia.

e. Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 15

d. All listed options could cause hypokalemia.

Question 16

According to the Nernst equation, what impact will a decreased concentration of single charge cations (such as K+ or Na+) have on cellular activity?

a. It decreases it due to hyperpolarization impacts.

b. It increases it due to depolarization impacts.

Answer 16

a. It decreases it due to hyperpolarization impacts.

Question 17

According to the Nernst equation an extracellular increase in which two electrolytes will lead to decreased cellular activity.

a. Sodium and magnesium.

b. Sodium and potassium.

c. Potassium and calcium.

d. Sodium and chloride.

e. Magnesium and calcium.

Answer 17

e. Magnesium and calcium.

Question 18

What condition has been associated with ‘feelings of impending doom’?

a. Hypocalcemia.

b. Hyperkalemia.

c. Hypovolemic hyponatremia.

d. Hypervolemic hypernatremia.

e. Hypervolemic hyponatremia.

Answer 18

e. Hypervolemic hyponatremia.

Question 19

Hypercalcemia could be caused by which of the following conditions?

a. Hyperparathyroidism.

b. Alkalosis.

c. Explosive diarrhea.

d. Hypoaldosteronism.

e. SIADH.

Answer 19

a. Hyperparathyroidism.

Question 20

Which of the following applies to metabolic acidosis?

a. Excess bicarbonate causes it and the pH will thus fall below 7.35.

b. It can occur after a period of prolonged vomiting.

c. Results when bicarbonate ion is present in excess.

d. Causes the pH of the blood to drop below 7.35.

e. All listed options are appropriate.

Answer 20

d. Causes the pH of the blood to drop below 7.35.

Question 21

What substance has the ability to release a hydrogen ion?

a. HCO3-.

b. A base.

c. An acid.

d. CO2.

e. H+.

Answer 21

c. An acid.

Question 22

Hypoaldosteronism would lead to which of the following electrolyte imbalances?

a. Hypernatremia.

b. Both hypernatremia and hypokalemia.

c. Hypokalemia.

d. Hypocalcemia.

e. Hyponatremia

Answer 22

e. Hyponatremia

Question 23

What pH imbalance could lead to hypercalcemia?

a. Acidosis.

b. Alkalosis.

Answer 23

a. Acidosis.