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BIO 233 > Week 5 - Worksheet 3 > Flashcards

Week 5 - Worksheet 3 Flashcards

Urinary

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1
Q

Which of the following would be conditions that might lead to a decrease in urine output? Pick more than one answer.

A. Decrease in blood pressure
B. Increase in blood pressure
C. Protein in the filtrate
D. Hypertonic blood
E. Dehydration
F. Hemorrhage

A

A. Decrease in blood pressure
D. Hypertonic blood
E. Dehydration
F. Hemorrhage

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2
Q

If your blood is hypotonic, what hormone is produced?

A. Renin
B. ADH
C. Aldosterone
D. Thyroxine

A

C. Aldosterone

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3
Q

Aldosterone will cause ____
pick more than one answer.

A. increase in blood pressure
B. decrease in blood pressure
C. increase in NA+ reabsorption
D. increase in blood volume
E. increase water reabsorption

A

A. increase in blood pressure
C. increase in NA+ reabsorption
D. increase in blood volume
E. increase water reabsorption

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4
Q

If you have a build-up of CO2 in your blood, your blood becomes more:

A. acidic
B. alkaline

A

A. acidic

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5
Q

If your respiratory system is unable to get rid of adequate CO2, how can your kidneys help?

A. reabsorb H+
B. secrete H+
C. conserve HCO3-
D. secrete CO2

A

B. secrete H+
C. conserve HCO3-

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6
Q

Which of the following is correct concerning the location of the kidneys?

A. The right kidney is usually higher than the left one
B. They are located behind the peritoneum
C. Their upper borders are about the level of the third lumbar vertebra
D. They are located against the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity

A

B. They are located behind the peritoneum

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7
Q

A renal corpuscle includes:

A. Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
B. Glomerulus and renal tubule
C. Bowman’s capsule and renal tubule
D. Renal Tubule and collecting duct

A

A. Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

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8
Q

Which of the following indicates the parts if a renal tubule in the correct sequence from beginning to end?

A. PCT, ascending limb of loop of Henle, descending limb of loop of Henle, DCT
B. DCT, ascending limb of loop of Henle, descending limb of loop of Henle, PCT
C. PCT, descending limb of loop of Hnele, ascending limb of loop of Henle, DCT
D. Descending limb of loop of Henle, ascending limb of loop of Henle, PCT, DCT

A

C. PCT, descending limb of loop of Hnele, ascending limb of loop of Henle, DCT

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9
Q

Urine formation involves:

A. filtration
B. reabsorption
C. Secration
D. all of the above

A

D. all of the above

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10
Q

If the arteriole that supplies the blood to the glomerulus becomes constricted:

A. blood flow into the efferent arteriole increases
B. The GFR decreases
C. Hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus increases
D. the protein concentration of the filtrate increases

A

B. The GFR decreases

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11
Q

Reabsorption of glucose occurs primarily through the walls of the:

A. Bowman’s capsule
B. loop of Henle
C. PCT
D. DCT

A

C. PCT

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12
Q

Whenever the plasma glucose concentration exceeds the renal plasma (TM) threshold:

A. GFR increase
B. Volume of urine decreases
C. Glucose will be secreted into the peritubular capillary
D. Glucose will appear in the urine

A

D. Glucose will appear in the urine

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13
Q

The counter-current mechanism functions primarily in the:

A. renal corpuscle
B. PCT
C. DCT
D. loop of Henle

A

D. loop of Henle

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14
Q

The hormone ADH functions to promote water reabsorption through the wall of the:

A. DCT and collecting duct
B. PCT
C. ascending limb of Henle
D. descending limb of Henle

A

A. DCT and collecting duct

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15
Q

The micturition reflex center is located in the:

A. sacral portion of the spinal cord
B. medulla oblongata
C. Pons
D. Hypothalamus

A

A. sacral portion of the spinal cord

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16
Q

Normally there is no glucose in the urine. This is because:

A. glucose molecules are too large to pass through the undamaged glomerulus
B. glucose that passes through the glomerulus is reabsorbed from the renal tubules and is returned to the bloodstream
C. Almost all the glucose in the glomerular filtrate is used in the metabolism of the cells lining the kidney
D. unused glucose has already been converted to glycogen

A

B. glucose that passes through the glomerulus is reabsorbed from the renal tubules and is returned to the bloodstream

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17
Q

Which of the following will increase the urinary output?

A. increased fluid intake
B. low blood pressure
C. diarrhea
D. unusually warm weather

A

A. increased fluid intake

18
Q

A major function of the kidney tubules is to:

A. return plasma proteins to the blood
B. reabsorb water, glucose, and electrolytes from the glomerular filtrate
C. guard against the reabsorption of excess amino acids
D. serve as a storage reservoir for urine

A

B. reabsorb water, glucose, and electrolytes from the glomerular filtrate

19
Q

The concentration of urine is primarily carried out in which of the following structures?

A. Bowman’s capsule
B. Collecting tubules
C. Peritubular capillaries
D. Glomerular capillaries
E. DCT

A

B. Collecting tubules
E. DCT

20
Q

The main support of the kidneys is/are:

A. ureters
B. adipose tissue
C. Gleason’s capsule
D. peritoneum
E. periosteum

A

B. adipose tissue
D. peritoneum

21
Q

Most of the water that leaves the glomerular capillaries is:

A. excreted urine
B. reabsorbed by the efferent arterioles
C. used for acid-base regulation
D. absorbed into the tubule cells and returned to the bloodstream

A

D. absorbed into the tubule cells and returned to the bloodstream

22
Q

The phase of urine formation taking place in the renal corpuscle is primarily a process of:

A. osmosis
B. filtration
C. diffusion
D. hydrolysis

A

B. filtration

23
Q

The kidney helps maintain acid-base balance of the body by:

A. secretion of H+ ions
B. reabsorption of HCO3- ions
C. production of ammonium ions
D. secretion of HCO3-
E. all of the above

A

E. all of the above

24
Q

The return if large amounts of water from the glomerular filtrate to the blood stream is mainly dependent on:

A. ADH
B. hydrolysis
C. renin
D. filtration

A

A. ADH

25
Q

Working together, _____ and _____ regulate blood volume.

A. angiotensin II, ADH
B. renin, sodium chloride
C. alodosterone, ADH
D. calcium, potassium
E. uric acid, sodium chloride

A

C. alodosterone, ADH

26
Q

A patient has the following lab findings:

pH 7.30, paCO2 28, paO2 70, HCO3- 18

what acid-based disturbance, if any, does the patient have?

a. metabolic alkalosis
b. metabolic acidosis
c. respiratory alkalosis
d. respiratory acidosis
e. none

A

b. metabolic acidosis

27
Q

pH 7.30, paCO2 28, paO2 70, HCO3- 18

If the above condition were respiratory acidosis, what would the kidneys do to help compensate for the acid pH? pick two.

A. excrete H+
B. reabsorb H+
C. excrete HCO3-
D. retain HCO3-

A

A. excrete H+
D. retain HCO3-

remember HCO3- and pH are directly related

28
Q

pH 7.30, paCO2 28, paO2 70, HCO3- 18

What are the lungs doing:
Why is paCO2 low?

A. trying to reduce acid by hyperventilating
B. trying to reduce base by hypoventilating
C. trying to reduce acid by hypoventilation
D. trying to reduce base by hyperventilating

A

A. trying to reduce acid by hyperventilating

29
Q

pH 7.5, paCO2 30, paO2 80, HCO3- 20

What acid-base disturbance, if any, does the patient have?

a. metabolic alkalosis
b. metabolic acidosis
c. respiratory alkalosis
d. respiratory acidosis
e. none

A

c. respiratory alkalosis

30
Q

pH 7.5, paCO2 30, paO2 80, HCO3- 20

The kidneys will help by:
(pick three)

A. getting rid of H+
B. getting rid of NH4-
C. retaining H+
D. retaining NH4-
E. getting rid of NaHCO3-

A

C. retaining H+
D. retaining NH4-
E. getting rid of NaHCO3-

31
Q

The chief pressure that determines the filtration of blood is:

A. glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure
B. capsular hydrostatic pressure
C. blood osmotic pressure
D. capsular osmotic pressure

A

A. glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure

32
Q

The ingestion of excessive mineral salts or a decrease in water consumption could lead to the formation of abnormal substances in the urinary tract. These substances are called:

A. casts
B. calculi
C. ketone bodies
D. blood cells

A

B. calculi

33
Q

All of the following are normal filtrate components except for:

A. formed elements
B. glucose
C. nitrogenous wastes
D. amino acids

A

A. formed elements

34
Q

Beginning at the outermost layer and moving toward the innermost layer, identify the order of tissue layers surrounding the kidney.

A. renal capsule, renal fascia, adipose capsule
B. renal fascia, adipose capsule, renal capsule
C. adipose capsule, renal capsule, renal fascia
D. renap capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia

A

B. renal fascia, adipose capsule, renal capsule

35
Q

Which structure transports urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder?

a. urethra
b. collecting tubule
c. glomerulus
d. ureter

A

d. ureter

36
Q

Which of the following statements about tubular reabsorption and secretion is correct?

A. Tubular reabsorption adds materials to the filtrate from the blood; tubular secretion removes substances from the filtrate into the blood
B. Tubular reabsorption adds materials to the filtrate from the blood; tubular secretion also adds materials to the filtrate from the blood.
C. Tubular reabsorption removes substances from the filtrate into the blood; tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate from the blood.
D. Tubular reabsorption removes substances from the filtrate into the blood: tubular secretion also removes substances from the filtrate into the blood

A

C. Tubular reabsorption removes substances from the filtrate into the blood; tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate from the blood.

37
Q

Surface of the kidney - protection damage infection

A

Fibrous capsule

38
Q

Inhibits NA+ reabsorption

A

Diuretics

39
Q

Countercurrent exchanger

A

Vasa Recta

40
Q

Countercurrent multiplier

A

loop of Henle

Juxtamedullary Nephrons

BIO 233 (62 decks)

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