week 8 - Homework Quiz

Question 1

What structure specifically allows blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves to be associated with the intestines and holds the intestines in place?

a. Greater omentum.

b. Lesser omentum.

c. Tunica submucosa.

d. Haustra.

e. Mesentery.

Answer 1

e. Mesentery.

Question 2

What hormone essentially works in opposition to the enterogastric reflex?

a. All listed options work in opposition to the enterogastric reflex.

b. Gastrin.

c. Cholecystokinin.

d. Secretin.

e. Vasoactive peptide.

Answer 2

b. Gastrin.

Question 3

Which tunic of the gastrointestinal tract is under voluntary control in specific regions of the system?

a. Tunica muscularis.

b. Tunica mucosa.

c. Tunica serosa.

d. Tunica submucosa.

Answer 3

a. Tunica muscularis.

Question 4

What hormone stimulates the gastric glands to increase secretions and stomach motility?

a. Gastrin.

b. Secretin.

c. Vasoactive peptide.

d. Cholecystokinin.

e. All listed options increase secretions of the gastric glands.

Answer 4

a. Gastrin.

Question 5

Where does the term bolus apply best to the regions of the digestive system?

a. Appendix.

b. Stomach.

c. Large intestine.

d. Small intestine.

e. Esophagus.

Answer 5

e. Esophagus.

Question 6

Where is the appendix located?

a. Adhered to the descending colon.

b. Adhered to the cecum.

c. Adhered to the ileum.

d. Adhered to the sigmoid colon.

e. Adhered to the ascending colon.

Answer 6

b. Adhered to the cecum.

Question 7

What hormones stimulate the release of pancreatic secretions?

a. Cholecystokinin and secretin.

b. Cholecystokinin and gastrin.

c. Gastrin and vasoactive peptide.

d. Gastrin.

e. Secretin and gastrin.

Answer 7

a. Cholecystokinin and secretin.

Question 8

Which tunic of the gastrointestinal tract facilitates absorption of nutrients?

a. Tunica muscularis.

b. Tunica mucosa.

c. Tunica submucosa.

d. Tunica serosa.

Answer 8

b. Tunica mucosa.

Question 9

Where does the term chyme apply best to the regions of the digestive system?

a. Oral cavity.

b. Stomach.

c. Esophagus.

d. Appendix.

e. Large intestine.

Answer 9

b. Stomach.

Question 10

What digestive system component has the greatest capacity to expand in volume?

a. Esophagus.

b. Liver.

c. Stomach.

d. Small intestine.

e. Large intestine.

Answer 10

c. Stomach.

Question 11

What substance is produced by the liver and acts as an anticoagulant?

a. Heparin.

b. Vasoactive peptide.

c. Albumin.

d. Fibrinogen.

e. Bile.

Answer 11

a. Heparin.

Question 12

Identify the function of the liver that can directly impact net filtration pressure in the cardiovascular and kidneys.

a. Storage of environmental toxins that are fat-soluble.

b. Production of plasma proteins.

c. Processing of nitrogenous wastes into urea and uric acid.

d. Storage of nutrients.

e. Production of heparin

Answer 12

b. Production of plasma proteins.

Question 13

What is the name for the serous membrane associated with the digestive system?

a. Pericardium.

b. Pleura.

c. Parietal membrane.

d. Visceral membrane.

e. Peritoneum.

Answer 13

e. Peritoneum.

Question 14

The cecum is part of what digestive region?

a. Oral cavity.

b. Large intestine.

c. Stomach.

d. Liver.

e. Small intestine.

Answer 14

b. Large intestine.

Question 15

Which structure is more superior?

a. Lesser omentum.

b. Greater omentum.

Answer 15

a. Lesser omentum.

Question 16

Select the answer that places the regions of the large intestine in correct sequence from first to last.

a. Ascending, transverse, cecum, descending, sigmoid.

b. Cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid.

c. Sigmoid, cecum, ascending, descending, transverse.

d. Cecum, sigmoid, ascending, transverse, descending.

e. Sigmoid, ascending, transverse, descending, cecum.

Answer 16

b. Cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid.

Question 17

What electrolyte imbalance can cause dysarthria, a motor speech disorder?

a. Hypermagnesemia.

b. Hypomagnesemia.

c. Hyperphosphatemia.

d. Hypophosphatemia.

Answer 17

a. Hypermagnesemia.

Question 18

Which sphincter separates the small and large intestine?

a. Pyloric sphincter.

b. Ileocecal valve.

c. Internal sphincter.

d. External sphincter.

e. Cardiac sphincter.

Answer 18

b. Ileocecal valve.

Question 19

How does the brain influence the production of gastric secretions during the neural (cephalic) phase of the gastric process?

a. Hormones released from the brain (hypothalamus) travel through the blood to the stomach stimulating gastric secretions.

b. Vagus nerve signals the gastric glands stimulating secretions.

c. The nervous system stimulates smooth muscle of the stomach wall squeezing the secretions from the gastric glands into the lumen of the stomach.

Answer 19

b. Vagus nerve signals the gastric glands stimulating secretions.

Question 20

Why are feces brown?

a. Bilirubin is broken down by bacteria in the intestines into urobilinogen, and that is brown.

b. The liver breaks down heme groups from hemoglobin and produces bilirubin, and that is brown.

c. Hemoglobin is broken down by the liver and the red pigment of iron builds up in the liver secretions and is deposited into the waste products of the digestive system.

Answer 20

a. Bilirubin is broken down by bacteria in the intestines into urobilinogen, and that is brown.

Question 21

What electrolyte imbalance can lead to deposition of crystals in skin, or arteries leading to arteriosclerosis?

a. Hypermagnesemia.

b. Hypermagnesemia and hyperphosphatemia.

c. Hyperphosphatemia.

d. Hypophosphatemia.

e. Hypomagnesemia.

Answer 21

c. Hyperphosphatemia.

Question 22

Which of the following components brings blood from the digestive system to allow the liver to store, detoxify and process metabolites?

a. Hepatic vein.

b. Hepatic artery.

c. Hepatic-portal vein.

Answer 22

c. Hepatic-portal vein.

Question 23

What two cell components of the gastric glands must produce their secretions at the same time to facilitate protein digestion specifically?

a. Zymogenic cells and mucous cells.

b. Parietal cells and enteroendocrine cells.

c. Mucous cells and enteroendocrine cells.

d. Parietal cells and zymogenic cells.

e. Enteroendocrine cells and zymogenic cells.

Answer 23

d. Parietal cells and zymogenic cells.

Question 24

What substance best fits the following definition? A substance that will dissociate partially when placed in solution and slightly INCREASES pH.

a. Weak acid.

b. Strong acid.

c. Strong base.

d. Weak base.

Answer 24

d. Weak base.

Question 25

Which of the following processes is NOT an example of mechanical digestion?

a. Acid and pepsinogen.

b. Peristalsis in the intestines.

c. Chewing.

d. Peristalsis in the stomach.

Answer 25

a. Acid and pepsinogen.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ?

a. Pancreas.

b. Salivary glands.

c. Gallbladder.

d. Liver.

e. Parietal cells.

Answer 26

e. Parietal cells.

Question 27

What is the role of paneth cells?

a. They release bicarbonate to balance the pH of stomach acids as they enter the small intestine.

b. They produce lysozyme and defensins to reduce microbial infection in the small intestine.

c. They produce enzymes to digest nutrients such as carbohydrates and proteins.

d. They release bile to emulsify fats from our diet.

e. They produce hormones that stimulate the pancreas to release digestive juices.

Answer 27

b. They produce lysozyme and defensins to reduce microbial infection in the small intestine.

Question 28

Which sphincter is the most inferior?

a. Internal sphincter.

b. External sphincter.

c. Ileocecal valve.

d. Pyloric sphincter.

e. Cardiac sphincter.

Answer 28

b. External sphincter.

Question 29

What signs or symptoms are unique to hypomagnesemia?

a. Cardiac arrhythmias and tremors.

b. Changes in mood and weakness.

c. Athetoid movements and laryngeal stridor.

d. Tetany and weakness.

e. Weakness and tremors.

Answer 29

c. Athetoid movements and laryngeal stridor.

Question 30

The islets of Langerhans within the pancreas are involved in which of these two functions?

a. Endocrine function to produce insulin and glucagon to facilitate blood glucose regulation.

b. Secretion of pancreatic juice that contains enzymes and bicarbonate.

Answer 30

a. Endocrine function to produce insulin and glucagon to facilitate blood glucose regulation.

Question 31

What statement is true about deciduous teeth?

a. There are 32 deciduous teeth.

b. Deciduous teeth begin to erupt between the ages of 6-24 years of age.

c. Deciduous teeth start developing in utero and emerge around 6 months of age.

d. All listed options are true of deciduous teeth.

e. Deciduous teeth are the teeth that replace our milk teeth or baby teeth.

Answer 31

c. Deciduous teeth start developing in utero and emerge around 6 months of age.