Week 1 - Homework Quiz 1

Question 1

Which component associated with capillaries specifically allows blood to bypass the capillary bed to ensure blood is allocated to areas with highest need?

a. Thoroughfare channels.

b. Metarterioles.

Answer 1

a. Thoroughfare channels.

Question 2

In the baroreflex of peripheral resistance regulation what is the inciting stimulus that initiates the reflex?

a. Low blood flow to the medulla oblongata.

b. Low blood volume and blood pressure.

c. Low pH, high CO2 and or low O2.

d. High blood pressure.

e. Stress.

Answer 2

d. High blood pressure.

Question 3

What neural reflexes of peripheral resistance regulation have receptors in the same location (located in carotids and aorta)?

a. Medullary ischemic reflex and chemoreflex.

b. All three reflexes (baroreflex, chemoreflex and medullary ischemic reflex) have the same receptors.

c. Baroreflex and chemoreflex.

d. Baroreflex and medullary ischemic reflex.

Answer 3

c. Baroreflex and chemoreflex.

Question 4

Average blood pressure for an adult is around 120/70 mmHg. Which value corresponds to the diastole phase of the hearts cycle?

a. 70 mmHg.

b. 120 mmHg.

Answer 4

a. 70 mmHg.

Question 4

Which component of net filtration pressure is a measure of the solutes within the blood stream such as the protein albumin?

a. Capillary hydrostatic pressure (HPc).

b. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (HPif).

c. Capillary osmotic pressure (OPc).

d. Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (OPif).

Answer 4

c. Capillary osmotic pressure (OPc).

Question 4

Which component of net filtration pressure normally has a value of zero due to the lymphatic system draining excess fluid out of tissues?

a. Capillary hydrostatic pressure (HPc).

b. Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (OPif).

c. Capillary osmotic pressure (OPc).

d. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (HPif).

Answer 4

d. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (HPif).

Question 5

What form of capillary is the most common?

a. Continuous.

b. Sinusoidal.

c. Fenestrated.

d. All capillaries are equally common.

Answer 5

a. Continuous.

Question 6

Blood flow is proportional to what power of the radius.

a. 5th.

b. 4th.

c. 2nd.

d. 3rd.

e. 6th.

Answer 6

b. 4th.

Question 7

If blood vessel length increased (increasing cumulative friction), what would happen to blood flow rate?

a. It decreases.

b. It stays the same.

c. It increases.

Answer 7

a. It decreases.

Question 8

For net filtration pressure (NFP) to cause a net or overall push of fluid to leave the capillary bed should NFP be positive or negative?

a. Positive.

b. Negative.

Answer 8

a. Positive.

Question 9

Identify the artery form that ‘conducts’ blood away from the heart.

a. Muscular arteries.

b. Arterioles.

c. Vena cava.

d. Elastic arteries.

e. Resistance arteries.

Answer 9

d. Elastic arteries.

Question 10

What form of blood vessel acts as a blood reservoir and can hold up to 60 percent of blood volume?

a. Muscular arteries.

b. Capillaries.

c. Arteries in general.

d. Arterioles.

e. Venules and veins.

Answer 10

e. Venules and veins.

Question 11

Which fetal circulation feature bypasses the liver of the fetus and routes blood directly to the inferior vena cava?

a. Umbilical vein.

b. Ductus venosus.

c. Foramen ovale.

d. Ductus arteriosus.

e. Umbilical artery.

Answer 11

b. Ductus venosus.

Question 12

As blood viscosity increases what happens to blood flow rate?

a. It stays the same.

b. It decreases.

c. It increases.

Answer 12

b. It decreases.

Question 13

Hepatic portal circulation connects two separate capillary beds in what two body regions before blood is eventually returned to the heart via the inferior vena cava?

a. Lungs and the muscle tissue of the heart.

b. Systemic and pulmonary circuits.

c. Digestive organs and the liver.

d. Right and left lungs.

e. Fetal circulation and mother’s circulation.

Answer 13

c. Digestive organs and the liver.

Question 14

What hormone participates in the positive feedback associated with hypertension?

a. Epinephrine.

b. All of these hormones are equally involved.

c. Aldosterone.

d. Atrial natriuretic peptide.

e. Antidiuretic hormone.

Answer 14

c. Aldosterone.

Question 15

Review Poiseuille’s law and determine which factors are INDIRECTLY proportional with blood flow?

a. Pressure only.

b. Viscosity and vessel length.

c. Viscosity and pressure.

d. Pressure and vessel radius.

e. Vessel length and vessel radius.

Answer 15

b. Viscosity and vessel length.

Question 16

What blood vessel form is often an origin of edema due to their porosity, and is associated with health issues such as hemorrhoids?

a. Capillaries.

b. Muscular arteries.

c. Venules and veins.

d. Arterioles.

e. Arteries in general.

Answer 16

c. Venules and veins.

Question 17

Most named arteries are muscular arteries, but what is the alternate term that I want you to recognize as a key function of this group of arteries?

a. Resistance.

b. Conducting.

c. Capacitance.

d. Distributing.

Answer 17

d. Distributing.

Question 18

What tunic of the blood vessels is composed of simple squamous epithelium and helps regulate blood vessel diameter via secretion of appropriate chemicals?

a. Tunica media.

b. Tunica muscularis.

c. Tunica externa.

d. Tunica intima.

Answer 18

d. Tunica intima.

Question 19

Which of the four hormonal reflexes regulating peripheral resistance will specifically increase blood volume and blood pressure BUT ALSO reduce solute concentration in the body fluids?

a. Atrial natriuretic peptide.

b. Aldosterone.

c. Epinephrine.

d. All of the listed hormones.

e. Antidiuretic hormone.

Answer 19

e. Antidiuretic hormone.

Question 20

Which term describes a volume of blood delivered to a volume of tissue per unit time? For example, the volume of blood delivered to the frontal cortex of the brain while studying for an exam.

a. Blood flow rate.

b. Blood perfusion rate.

Answer 20

b. Blood perfusion rate.

Question 21

What form of capillary is ‘windowed’, meaning that they are full of pores that facilitate filtration or absorption?

a. Continuous.

b. Fenestrated.

c. All capillaries are ‘windowed’ and contain these pores.

d. Sinusoidal.

Answer 21

b. Fenestrated.

Question 22

Identify the change that will increase flow in a vessel or through the exit of an open tube (imagine an IV).

a. Increasing the size of the orifice.

b. Decreasing the pressure gradient.

c. Changing blood flow pattern from laminar to turbulent flow.

d. Decreasing the head (the difference in height from the surface of fluid in an IV bag to the outlet).

e. Increasing friction (due to a rough surface or increasing vessel length).

Answer 22

a. Increasing the size of the orifice.

Question 23

If HPc = 36, OPc = 26, HPif = 0, and OPif = 1, calculate the current net filtration pressure for these blood vessel values.

a. 8

b. 10

c. 11

d. 9

e. 7

Answer 23

c. 11

(HPc+OPif) - (HPif+OPc) = 11

Question 24

A patient suffering the negative impacts of a heart attack could likewise suffer from what form of circulatory shock.

a. Hypovolemic shock.

b. Syncope.

c. Cardiogenic shock.

d. Low venous return.

e. Neurogenic vascular shock.

Answer 24

c. Cardiogenic shock.

Question 25

Review Poiseuille’s law and determine which factors are DIRECTLY proportional with blood flow?

a. Pressure and vessel radius.

b. Pressure only.

c. Viscosity and vessel length.

d. Viscosity and pressure.

e. Vessel length and vessel radius.

Answer 25

a. Pressure and vessel radius.

Question 26

Which component of net filtration pressure correlates to blood pressure of the capillary that we can measure?

a. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (HPif).

b. Capillary osmotic pressure (OPc).

c. Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (OPif).

d. Capillary hydrostatic pressure (HPc).

Answer 26

d. Capillary hydrostatic pressure (HPc).

Question 27

Which of the four hormonal reflexes regulating peripheral resistance cause an outcome that aims to reduce the blood volume and blood pressure in the system?

a. Aldosterone.

b. All of the listed hormones.

c. Antidiuretic hormone.

d. Epinephrine.

e. Atrial natriuretic peptide.

Answer 27

e. Atrial natriuretic peptide.

Question 28

Which fetal circulation feature routes blood from the mother to the fetus?

a. Ductus arteriosus.

b. Umbilical vein.

c. Foramen ovale.

d. Umbilical artery.

e. Ductus venosus.

Answer 28

b. Umbilical vein.

Question 29

Which of the four hormonal reflexes regulating peripheral resistance is specifically in response to short-term stress?

a. Atrial natriuretic peptide.

b. Epinephrine.

c. Antidiuretic hormone.

d. All of the listed hormones.

e. Aldosterone.

Answer 29

b. Epinephrine.

Question 30

Which form of shock is NOT an example of direct hypovolemic shock?

a. Trauma.

b. Burns.

c. Bleeding ulcer.

d. Hemorrhage.

Answer 30

b. Burns.

Question 31

If you start to feel lightheaded due to insufficient venous return, what type of compensation occurs if you remember to breathe deeply and consistently?

a. Cardiac suction.

b. Thoracic pump.

c. Gravity.

d. Skeletal muscle pump.

Answer 31

b. Thoracic pump.

Question 32

Which form of capillaries have a tortuous (meaning full of twists or turns) organization that make them very leaky and slows the rate of blood flow through the vessels.

a. All capillaries are tortuous in this fashion.

b. Sinusoidal.

c. Continuous.

d. Fenestrated.

Answer 32

b. Sinusoidal.

Question 33

What fetal circulation feature allows blood to flow between the right and left atria?

a. Foramen ovale.

b. Umbilical artery.

c. Ductus venosus.

d. Ductus arteriosus.

e. Umbilical vein.

Answer 33

a. Foramen ovale.

Question 34

The net filtration pressure of a healthy patient is calculated as negative eight (-8). This value should correspond with which end of the capillary bed.

a. Venous end of the capillary bed.

b. Arterial end of the capillary bed.

Answer 34

a. Venous end of the capillary bed.

Question 35

As blood vessel radius increases what happens to blood flow rate?

a. It stays the same.

b. It increases.

c. It decreases.

Answer 35

b. It increases.