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BIO 233 > Week 5 - Homework - > Flashcards

Week 5 - Homework - Flashcards

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1
Q

What alteration (through disease or normal response) will elevate both net filtration pressure and glomerular filtration rate?

a. Sympathetic nervous system control during fight or flight.

b. Hemorrhage.

c. Kidney disease

A

c. Kidney disease

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2
Q

What structure acts as the countercurrent exchanger within the kidney?

a. Collecting duct.

b. Peritubular capillary.

c. Loop of Henle.

d. Proximal convoluted tubule.

e. Vasa recta

A

e. Vasa recta

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3
Q

What specific component of the kidney does ADH act upon? Study the diagram from lecture about ADH for help!

a. Loop of Henle.

b. Collecting ducts.

c. Glomerulus.

d. Proximal convoluted tubule.

e. Distal convoluted tubule.

A

b. Collecting ducts.

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4
Q

Diagnose the Acid-Base condition. pH = 7.47, pCO2 = 33, and HCO3- = 20.

a. Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis.

b. Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis.

c. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis.

d. Fully compensated metabolic alkalosis.

e. Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis

A

e. Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis

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5
Q

What factor of the net filtration pressure equation in the kidneys helps to pull fluid from the capsule back into the glomerulus?

a. HPc.

b. HPg.

c. OPg.

A

c. OPg.

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6
Q

What coloration of urine may be associated with cirrhosis of the liver or urobilinogen in the urine? Look this up from the urinalysis lecture (you do not need to memorize these colorations for exams).

a. Milky.

b. Red amber.

c. Red-brown.

d. Brown green.

A

b. Red amber.

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7
Q

Under what condition will renal suppression occur?

a. When glomerular filtration rate = 0.

b. When glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is low.

c. When glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is normal.

d. When glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increases.

A

a. When glomerular filtration rate = 0.

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8
Q

What is the DIFFERENCE between the lowest and the highest solute concentration in the extracellular fluid within the kidney (compare cortex to medulla)?

a. 300 mOsm.

b. 500 mOsm.

c. 700 mOsm.

d. 1200 mOsm.

e. 900 mOsm.

A

e. 900 mOsm.

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9
Q

If osmotic pressure in the glomerulus is 31, hydrostatic pressure in capsule is 14, and hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus is 49 calculate the net filtration pressure.

a. 32 mmHg.

b. 6 mmHg.

c. 18 mmHg.

d. 10 mmHg.

e. 4 mmHg.

A

e. 4 mmHg.

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10
Q

What is a normal blood pressure value for the glomerulus? Keep in mind that most body capillaries have a pressure from 15-20 mmHg.

a. 15-20 mmHg.

b. 55 mmHg.

c. 25-30 mmHg.

d. 35-45 mmHg.

e. 0-10 mmHg.
Feedback

A

b. 55 mmHg.

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11
Q

What condition is associated with plasma proteins in the urine?

a. Acetonuria.

b. Hematuria.

c. Albuminuria.

d. Glycosuria.

e. Pyuria

A

c. Albuminuria.

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12
Q

Diuretics and other health conditions can have a variety of impacts on the kidneys. Identify the one option that would DECREASE urine production.

a. Hypoaldosteronism.

b. Inhibit release of ADH.

c. Inhibit reabsorption of sodium ions.

d. Decrease blood osmotic pressure.

e. Decrease systemic blood pressure.

A

e. Decrease systemic blood pressure.

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13
Q

During respiratory acidosis what is ONE action that should NOT occur?

a. Secrete acid.

b. Secrete NH4+.

c. Reabsorb H+.

d. Reabsorb HCO3-

A

c. Reabsorb H+.

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14
Q

If a patient has an acid-base imbalance that is ‘partially compensated’ what statement MUST apply to their condition?

a. Both pCO2 and HCO3- is outside of normal range, but pH is normal.

b. The pH value is outside of normal range, but all other values (HCO3- and pCO2) are normal.

c. The pH is outside of normal range, and either HCO3-, or pCO2 is off, but not both HCO3- and pCO2 values are outside of normal range.

d. All three values are outside of normal range (pH, HCO3-, and pCO2).

A

d. All three values are outside of normal range (pH, HCO3-, and pCO2).

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15
Q

n addition to Bowman’s capsule, what other component is part of the renal corpuscle?

a. Renal medulla.

b. Loop of Henle.

c. Glomerulus.

d. Renal cortex.

e. Collecting duct.

A

c. Glomerulus.

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16
Q

Identify the list that correctly separates solutes into those that are commonly secreted versus those that are commonly reabsorbed.

a. Commonly reabsorbed = Na+, H2O. Commonly secreted = K+, NH4+, H+.

b. Commonly reabsorbed = NH4+, H+. Commonly secreted = Na+, K+, H2O.

c. Commonly reabsorbed = K+, NH4+, H+. Commonly secreted = Na+, H2O.

d. Commonly reabsorbed = Na+ K+. Commonly secreted = H2O, NH4+, H+.

e. Commonly reabsorbed = Na+, K+, H2O. Commonly secreted = NH4+, H+

A

a. Commonly reabsorbed = Na+, H2O. Commonly secreted = K+, NH4+, H+.

17
Q

What is an ACCURATE statement regarding the relationship between environmental temperature and kidney function?

a. People are more likely to experience a heart attack while performing physical activity in summer due to high systemic blood pressure from peripheral vasoconstriction in response to environmental temperature than when being physically active in cold temperatures.

b. In hot environments peripheral vasodilation reduces blood flow to the renal system.

c. In cold temperature less filtration occurs.

d. In warm temperature more urine is produced.

e. None of the listed options are accurate.

A

b. In hot environments peripheral vasodilation reduces blood flow to the renal system.

18
Q

Consider the blood flow through the kidney. What blood vessel comes after the segmental artery in the kidney blood supply?

a. Cortical radiate artery.

b. Interlobar vein.

c. Interlobar artery.

d. Renal artery.

e. Arcuate artery.

A

c. Interlobar artery.

19
Q

What form of nitrogenous waste is most toxic?

a. Urea.

b. Ammonia.

c. Amino acids.

d. Uric acid.

A

b. Ammonia.

20
Q

Select the option that ranks nitrogenous wastes based upon how much energy it takes to produce them from highest to lowest.

a. Urea - ammonia - uric acid.

b. Urea - uric acid - ammonia.

c. Ammonia - urea - uric acid.

d. Uric acid - urea - ammonia.

A

d. Uric acid - urea - ammonia.

21
Q

What net filtration pressure is a normal value for the kidneys?

a. 40 mmHg.

b. 10 mmHg.

c. 0 mmHg.

d. 20 mmHg.

e. 30 mmHg.

A

b. 10 mmHg.

22
Q

What form of nephron activity is driven by the hydrostatic pressure of the glomerulus?

a. Filtration.

b. Secretion.

c. Reabsorption.

d. Urine concentration.

e. Collection.

A

a. Filtration.

23
Q

Consider a specific substance that has been reabsorbed by the nephron to a maximal degree, but some of the substance still remains in filtrate and then shows up in the urine. What term helps describe this concept?

a. Tubular maximum.

b. Filtration maximum.

c. Membrane transport maximum.

d. Secretion.

e. Reabsorption maximum.

A

a. Tubular maximum.

24
Q

Which layer associated with the kidney is most superficial?

a. Renal capsule.

b. Renal fascia

A

b. Renal fascia

25
Q

Podocytes are a component associated with what other structure to create filtration slits.

a. Collecting duct.

b. Loop of Henle.

c. Glomerulus.

d. Proximal convoluted tubule.

e. Distal convoluted tubule.

A

c. Glomerulus.

26
Q

What condition is associated with leukocytes in the urine?

a. Pyuria.

b. Hematuria.

c. Albuminuria.

d. Acetonuria.

e. Glycosuria.

A

a. Pyuria.

27
Q

Where are the renal pyramids located within the kidney?

a. Renal calyces.

b. Renal medulla.

c. Renal pelvis.

d. Renal cortex.

A

b. Renal medulla.

28
Q

Select the list that places the components of the urinary pathway from first to last. Fluid to be filtered will enter the…

a. Nephron, glomerulus, calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra.

b. Calyces, nephron, glomerulus, renal pelvis, urethra, bladder, ureter.

c. Glomerulus, nephron, renal pelvis, calyces, urethra, bladder, ureter.

d. Glomerulus, nephron, calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra.

e. Nephron, glomerulus, renal pelvis, calyces, urethra, bladder, ureter.

A

d. Glomerulus, nephron, calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra.

29
Q

Which sphincter of the urinary system is under autonomic nervous system control?

a. Internal sphincter.

b. External sphincter.

A

a. Internal sphincter.

30
Q

Identify the equation that is correctly setup to calculate the net filtration pressure at the kidney.

a. NFP = HPg - (HPc - OPg)

b. NFP = HPc - (OPg + HPg)

c. NFP = OPg - (HPc + HPg)

d. NFP = HPg - (OPg + HPc)

A

d. NFP = HPg - (OPg + HPc)

31
Q

Identify the two components that are associated to create the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) that monitor composition of the filtrate.

a. Glomerulus and collecting duct.

b. Afferent arteriole and the proximal convoluted tubule.

c. Afferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule.

d. Peritubular capillaries and collecting duct.

e. Efferent arteriole and the collecting duct.

A

b. Afferent arteriole and the proximal convoluted tubule.

32
Q

What form of nephron activity is associated with moving a solute from a peritubular capillary into the tubule?

a. Secretion.

b. Urine concentration.

c. Reabsorption.

d. Filtration.

e. Collection.

A

a. Secretion.

33
Q

Identify the one TRUE statement regarding the hormone aldosterone. Study the diagram from the lecture about Aldosterone for help!

a. Aldosterone is released from the adrenal medulla.

b. Aldosterone is released when blood K+ is low in concentration.

c. Aldosterone can eventually be produced when Renin is released from the juxtaglomerular apparatus in response to low systemic blood pressure.

d. Aldosterone acts only on the proximal convoluted tubule in the kidney.

e. Aldosterone leads to vasodilation in the peripheral blood vessels.
Feedback

A

c. Aldosterone can eventually be produced when Renin is released from the juxtaglomerular apparatus in response to low systemic blood pressure.

34
Q

What term specifically refers to inflammation of the urinary bladder?

a. Pyelonephritis.

b. Cystitis.

c. Pyelitis.

d. Glomerulonephritis.

e. Nephritis.

A

b. Cystitis.

35
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT true for the hormone ADH?

a. ADH will decrease the amount of urine produced.

b. ADH secretion can be stimulated due to high blood pressure.

c. ADH will lead to a decrease in osmolality of the blood.

d. The actions of ADH will eventually impact the osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus via negative feedback.

e. ADH will lead to an increase in plasma volume.

A

b. ADH secretion can be stimulated due to high blood pressure.

36
Q

What region of the spinal column are the kidneys located within?

a. Lumbar vertebrae 1-5.

b. Thoracic vertebrae 5-8.

c. Thoracic vertebrae 10 to lumbar vertebrae 5.

d. Thoracic vertebrae 12 to lumbar vertebrae 3.

A

d. Thoracic vertebrae 12 to lumbar vertebrae 3.

37
Q

Diagnose the Acid-Base condition. pH = 7.36, pCO2 = 33, and HCO3- = 20.

a. Fully compensated respiratory acidosis.

b. Partially compensated respiratory acidosis.

c. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis.

d. Fully compensated metabolic acidosis.

e. Partially compensated metabolic acidosis.

A

d. Fully compensated metabolic acidosis.

38
Q

What structure acts as the countercurrent multiplier within the kidney?

a. Vasa recta.

b. Loop of Henle.

c. Proximal convoluted tubule.

d. Collecting duct.

e. Peritubular capillary.

A

b. Loop of Henle.

BIO 233 (62 decks)

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