Week 7 - Lab Slides

Question 1

During alkalosis cells can shift (K+) and (H+), what direction do the ions move & what results?

Answer 1

1. (H+) shifts out of cells
2. (K+) shifts in cell to correct alkalosis
3. Hypokalemia can result

Question 2

If you are dehydrated & then rehydrate too quickly with water, what happens at the fluid & electrolyte level?

Answer 2

1. Dilution of Na+
2. Hypotonic hydration
3. Slowing down of cells

Question 3

What happens if the Parathyroid gland is over & underproductive?

Answer 3

1. High PTH = excess Ca2+ & hyperpolarization
2. Low PTH = little CA2+ & depolarization

Question 4

What electrolyte imbalances could occur in hyper or hypoaldosteronism?

Answer 4

1. Hyper = High Na+, low K+
2. Hypo = Low Na+, High K+

Question 5

ECF (K+) is normally low and is maintained by daily dietary intake. What would major GI distress do to this imbalance?
(vomiting, diarrhea, or stomach pump)

Answer 5

1. Loss of (K+) in ECF
2. Hypokalemia
3. Hyperpolarization

Question 6

Albumin can bind minerals (Ca) or (H+) but not both.
In ACIDOSIS, or ALKALOSIS what should be stimulated & what will result?

Answer 6

1. ACIDOSIS =
   (H+) binds & (Ca2+) unbinds
   hypercalcemia leads to hyperpolarization
2. ALKALOSIS =
   (H+) unbinds & (Ca2+) binds
   hypocalcemia leads to depolarization

Question 7

Respiratory Acidosis:

CNS vasodilation or constriction?

Depression or Hyperexcitability?

Answer 7

VASODILATION in brain & edema

DEPRESSION due to edema (even though hyperkalemia occurs), LOC, or coma

Question 8

Respiratory Alkalosis:

CNS vasodilation or constriction?

Depression or Hyperexcitability?

Answer 8

VASOCONSTRICTION in CNS & low BF

HYPEREXCITABILITY due to (H+) unbinding from albumin & (Ca2+) binding.

Hypocalcemia = Hyperexcitability

Question 9

Metabolic Acidosis:

CNS vasodilation or constriction?

Depression or Hyperexcitability?

Answer 9

HYPERKALEMIA & GI distress…but

Depression in CNS as (H+) binds to (albumin)

Hypercalcemia results and depression

Question 10

Metabolic Alkalosis:

CNS vasodilation or constriction?

Depression or Hyperexcitability?

Answer 10

Hypokalemia is depressive but…

Hypocalcemia caused by (H+) release from (Albumin) and (Ca2+) binding = hyperexcitability

Question 11

Generally it follows the scale -

Acidosis is more depressive
Alkalosis is more hyperexcitable

Answer 11

Generally it follows the scale -

Acidosis is more depressive
Alkalosis is more hyperexcitable