Week 7 - PreLab Flashcards
Increased levels of sodium in the blood
Hypernatremia
↑Na+
May result from hyperaldosteronism
hypokalemia ↓K+
hypernatremia ↑NA+
Decreased levels of potassium in the blood
hypokalemia ↓K+
Important hormone for calcium homeostasis
parathyroid hormone PTH
May lead to arrhythmias, carpopedal spasms, and tetany
hypocalcemia ↓Ca2+
Acid-base imbalance resulting from diabetes mellitus
metabolic acidosis
Reabsorbed during renal regulation of acid-base balance
bicarbonate ion
An example of a disease causing respiratory acidosis
COPD
The most abundant buffers of the body
Proteins
Acid-base imbalances resulting from prolonged vomiting and loss of hydrochloric acid
metabolic alkalosis
Body water:
a. is obtained from the liquids we drink
b. is obtained from the foods we ingest
c. is formed by the catabolism of food molecules
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Excessive water loss and fluid imbalance (dehydration) can result from:
a. diarrhea
b. vomiting
c. severe burns
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The factor primarily responsible for moving water from the interstitial fluid into the blood is:
a. aldosterone secretions
b. pressure in blood capillaries
c. protein concentration of the blood plasma
d. ADH levels
c. protein concentration of the blood plasma
Which of the following statement is FALSE?
a. The percentage of body fat and total body water increase proportionately to one another
b. Infants have a higher total body water percentage than adults
c. During aging the percentage of total body water declines
a. The percentage of body fat and total body water increase proportionately to one another
Fluid output is controlled (regulated) by the:
a. skin
b. lungs
c. kidneys
d. all of the above
c. kidneys
During hyponatremia blood volume would be expected to:
a. increase
b. decrease
c. remain unchanged
b. decrease
When blood volume declines:
a. aldosterone secretion increases
b. urinary reabsorption of sodium increases
c. urine volume declines
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The primary regulator of sodium ion in the body is:
a. the kidney, where the rate of reabsorption is regulated
b. the small intestine, where the rate of absorption is regulated
c. the plasma, where sodium is bound or or released from hemoglobin
d. the large intestine, where excess sodium is excreted in the feces
a. the kidney, where the rate of reabsorption is regulated
Edema may result from:
a. the retention of electrolytes
b. a decrease in blood pressure
c. depressed concentration of plasma proteins
d. all of the above
c. depressed concentration of plasma proteins
The most abundant plasma cation is:
a. sodium
b. magnesium
c. calcium
d. potassium
a. sodium
Metabolic acidosis:
a. occurs in the case of prolonged vomiting
b. results when the bicarbonate ion is present in excess
c. causes the pH of blood to drop below 7.35
d. all of the above
e. b and c
d. all of the above
In the presence of a strong acid:
a. sodium bicarbonate will react to produce carbonic acid
b. sodium bicarbonate will react to produce more sodium bicarbonate
c. carbonic acid will react to produce sodium bicarbonate
d. carbonic acid will react to form more carbonic acid
a. sodium bicarbonate will react to produce carbonic acid
Respiratory acidosis is defined as:
a. bicarbonate deficit
b. intestines
c. lungs
d. stomach
e. carbonic acid excess
e. carbonic acid excess
If the ratio of sodium bicarbonate to carbonic acid is lowered (perhaps to 10 to 1) and blood pH is correspondingly lowered, the resulting condition is:
a. uncompensated metabolic acidosis
b. uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
c. compensated metabolic acidosis
d. compensated metabolic alkalosis
a. uncompensated metabolic acidosis
A buffer system in the body:
a. prevents drastic changes from occurring in body pH
b. picks up both hydrogen and hydroxyl ions
c. is exemplified by the bicarbonate-carbonic acid system
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
As blood flows through the lung capillaries:
a. carbonic acid in blood decreases
b. hydrogen ions in blood decreases
c. blood pH decreases from venous to arterial blood
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following organs is considered to be the most effective regulator of blood carbonic acid levels?
a. kidneys
b. intestines
c. lungs
d. stomach
a. kidneys
