Week 3-4 Study Guide Flashcards
Another name for nostrils
External nares
Internal nares
Opening from the nasal cavity into the pharynx
Nasal Cavity
Interior chamber of the nose
Choanae
The Choanae are the posterior nasal aperture, separated by the vomer. It is the opening between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx.
The choanae are the internal nares which connect the oral cavity to the nasal passages and are crucial for proper nasal respiration
Nasal Septum
Divides nose into two parts
External Nares
Openings through which air enter the nasal cavity
Palate
separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
Pulmonary ventilation
Breathing
Inhalation
process of taking air into lungs
Purpose of the diaphragm
Dome-muscle separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
Respiratory Center
Consists of groups of neurons located in the following regions:
Pons
Medulla Oblongatta
When Carbon Dioxide is increased in blood, What happens?
Stimulates respiratory center to increase rate and depth of breathing.
Cause muscle contractions
The exchange between blood and tissue
Ventilation, External Respiration, Internal Respiration
What makes up the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea
Bronchial Tree
Lungs
What lines the paranasal sinuses?
Mucous membrane
What function does mucous membrane have in the respiratory tract?
Traps microorganisms, dust, & other foreign particles
What propels mucus towards the pharynx?
cilia
What does the Eustachian tube open into?
Nasopharynx – helps to equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane
What is the purpose of the oropharynx?
Receives air, food, and water form the oral cavity
What is the purpose of the epiglottis?
Prevents food and water from entering the trachea
Lay term for the thyroid cartilage
Adam’s apple
What are the vocal cords made up of?
Two pairs of ligaments, upper and lower
What supports the trachea?
15-20 C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage
The correct division of the bronchial tree
Primary Bronchi
Secondary bronchi (lobar)
Tertiary bronchi (segmental)
bronchioles
Aveoli
Characteristics of the right lung
- shorter
- broader
- greater volume than left lung
- divided into three lobes by two fissures
three lobes:
1. superior
2. middle
3. inferior
What is the purpose of the pleura?
Double-layered serous membrane that encloses the lungs
What partially divide the fossa?
2 names that are interchangeable
- Turbinates
- Conchae
What is the purpose of the highly vascularized mucous membrane that lines the nose?
- Filters air
- Moistens (warms) the air
Respiration:
Pulmonary Ventilation -
Breathing
Respiration:
Gas exchange
Blood to lungs
Happens at the aveoli
O2 & CO2
Respiration:
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
Pulmonary Ventilation
Gas exchange
Respiration:
What are the functions of the circulatory system?
Transport (O2 & CO2 in the blood)
Internal Respiration (Blood –> tissues –> ATP
Where is the location of the pharyngeal (adenoid) tonsils?
Nasopharynx
Nasopharynx (what enters)
Air only
above soft palate & posterior to. internal nares
Auditory tube opens into nasopharynx
Location of adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils)
Oropharynx (what enters)
Air, liquid, solid
from soft palate to hyoid bone
At rear of oral cavity
Location of the palatine and lingual tonsils
What is the location of the palatine & lingual tonsils?
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx - what enters?
air, liquid, solid
extends to trachea & larynx
Esophagus - food & liquids
Trachea - air
What directs food and liquid to the esophagus?
Layrynx - the pathway
What is the superior opening into the larynx?
Glottis
What is the moveable flap that opens and closes eating and breathing?
Epiglottis
Is Nervous system controlled
Swallow - flap over the lung pathways
What do infants do to the epiglottis so they can drink and breathe at the same time?
Lock the soft palate and epiglottis together
Put in order the Pathways for air coming into the glottis
- Conchae
- Venous Plexus
- Internal nares
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
- Epiglottis
- Glottis
Voice refers to…
Production (vocalization) of sound created by vocal fold production
Sound production happens where?
Vocal folds
How is pitch determined?
Pitch is determined by the tension on the folds.
More tension = higher ptch
Lower tension - lower pitch
How is loudness determined?
Loudness is determined by air pressure
More volume - more air pressure
Measured in decibels - loudness
What has smooth muscle and C-shaped cartilage that allows expansion of the esophagus?
Trachea
What is the trachea lined with?
Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium
with goblet cells
What is the function of goblet cells?
secretion
Produces mucous
What is the coughing muscle?
Trachealis
Are the lungs symmetrical or asymmetrical?
asymmetrical
Which lung has three lobes?
Right Lung
Which lung has two lobes?
Left lung
Which lobe of the lung is most likely to have inhaled objects lodge there?
Right lung
Because of its larger size
Which lobe of lung has larger bronchus?
Right lung
Which lobe of lung has smaller and narrower bronchus?
Left lung
What part of lung lacks cartilage but has smooth muscle?
Bronchioles
Where is the beginning of the respiratory zone?
Terminal bronchioles
Where is the end of the respiratory zone where gas exchange occurs?
aveoli
What kind of pipe is the trachea?
Reinforced pipe
because of the c-shaped cartilage and smooth muscle
How many branches are in the bronchiole tree?
23 branches
Order of respiratory zone –
Terminal Bronchioles –> respiratory bronchioles –> alveoli
Respiratory zone is the site of-
Gas exchange
What reduces pulmonary tension?
pulmonary surfactant
The pleura - serous membranes have…
2 layers and a cavity
- Parietal pleura
- Visceral Pleura
- Pleural cavity filled with - Pleural fluid
Parietal pleura –
(ON) – Lines thoracic wall & diaphragm
Visceral pleura –
(ON) – Lines external lung surface
On the organ - lungs
The pleural cavity - space between the two pleuras helps what?
Maintain the pressure gradient
It’s pressure is a bit lower than te atmospheric pressure allowing for pressure gradient
What is important about the pleural fluid?
it reduces friction