Week 8 - Imbalances - including Nernst predictions Flashcards

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1
Q

Nernst = depression = hyperpolarized

Causes:
SIADH, fresh water drowning

Issues: cerebral edema, hypertension

S/S: feelings of impending doom, lethargy, low LOC

A

Hypervolemic Hyponatremia

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2
Q

Nernst: depression = hyperpolarized

Issues: Low aldosterone, diuretics of Na+

Issues: Hypotension, tachycardia

S/S: slow digestion, nausea, anorexia, vomiting

A

Hypovolemic Hyponatremia

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3
Q

Nernst: Excitation = depolarized

Causes: diarrhea, fever

Issues: Hypotension, tachycardia

S/S: Hallucinations, seizures

A

Hypovolemic Hypernatremia

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4
Q

Nernst: excitation = depolarization

Causes: hyperaldosteronism, saltwater drowning

Issues: hypertension

A

Hypervolemic Hypernatremia

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5
Q

Nernst: depression - hyperpolarized

Causes: Alkalosis, high insulin, Cushing’s, hyperaldosterone

S/S: Slow smooth muscle, then skeletal, then heart

A

Hypokalemia

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6
Q

Nernst: Excitation = depolarized

Causes: Acidosis, Addison’s, Low aldosterone, redistribution from cell

S/S: Explosive diarrhea, paresthesia, ectopic foci

A

Hyperkalemia

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7
Q

Nernst: excitation = depolarized

Causes: PTH inactive, alkalosis

S/S: carpopedal spasms, Trousseau’s sign, paresthesia

A

Hypocalcemia

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8
Q

Nernst: Depression = hypoerpolarized

Causes: Hyperparathyroidism, excess VIT D, acidosis

S/S: Slow poor muscle control, anorexia, constipation

A

Hypercalcemia

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9
Q

Nernst: Excitation = depolarized

Causes: Mg diuretic, Vit D & PTH low, reduces absorption, GI pumping

S/S: Athetoid movement, laryngeal stridor

A

Hypomagnesemia

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10
Q

Nernst: Depression = hyperpolarized

Causes: DKA - dehydration

S/S: dysarthria, lethargy, hypotension, vasodilation

A

Hypermagnesemia

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11
Q

Nernst: Depression = hyperpolarized

Causes: DKA Tx - shift Mg, K, P to cell, major burns - shift in

S/S: Tissue anoxia without DPG

A

Hypophosphatemia

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12
Q

Nernst: excitation= depolarized

Causes: Chemo, Rhabdo, crushing = shifts out

Issues: Hyperreflexia due to secondary low calcium

S/S: Crystals of calcium phosphate

A

Hyperphosphatemia

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