Week 5 - Study Guide Flashcards
Urinary
Hormones that regulate blood pressure & Na+/K+ balance
Renin-angiotensin → aldosterone
ADH
Blood cell production
Erythropoietin
Basic processes of urinary system
Filter
Secrete
Reabsorb
Toxicity in order of highest to lowest of Nitrogenous waste.
Ammonia
Urea
Uric Acid
Energy cost in order of highest to lowest of nitrogenous waste
Uric acid = 3 ATP
Urea = 1.5 ATP
Ammonia = NA
Water required for nitrogenous waste highest to lowest
- Ammonia (500 ml/g). (lot of h20)
- Urea (50 ml/g). (if trying to conserve h2o)
- Uric Acid (10 ml/g) (body under h20 constriction)
Solubility in highest to lowest for nitrogenous waste
- ammonia
- urea
- uric acid
Urine Formation - 4 basic steps
- Filtration
- Reabsorption
- Secretion
- Water conservation
Where kidneys are located
retroperitoneal (behind peritoneal cavity)
T-12 → L3
What holds the kidney in place
Perirenal fat capsule
Indent for ureter, blood & lymph vessels, nerves
Hilus
Protection of kidney (damage & Infection)
Protection (fibrous) capsule
Anchors kidney to abdominal wall
Renal Fascia
From fibrous capsule to medulla
cortex
Organized into renal pyramids, separated by renal columns, papilla
Medulla
Tip of pyramid releases urine to minor calyx
papilla
Contains branching extensions called calyces & is continuous with ureter (major calyces divide to minor calyces)
Pelvis
How much blood is reabsorbed at eth kidney
22% total Cardiac Output of Blood
Arteries blood supply for kidneys
- Aorta
- Renal Artery
- Segmental Artery
- Interlobar artery
- Arcuate Artery
- Cortical radiate artery
- Afferent arteriole
- Glomerulus (capillaries)
- Efferent arteriole
- (Peritubular capillaries and vasa recta)
Blood supply - veins back to heart
- Efferent arteriole
- Peritubular capillaries and vasa recta
- Cortical radiate vein
- Arcuate vein
- Interlobar vein
- Renal vein
- Inferior Vena Cava
- Right atrium
Bowman’s capsule & Glomerulus
Renal corpuscle
What projects into the medulla?
Loop of Henle
Nephrons have a portal = 2 capillary beds
- glomerulus
- peritubular capillaries or vasa recta
Juxtaglomerular apparatus = JGA contains
DCT joins with afferent arteriole
Where is Juxtaglomerular cells located, what does it monitor and secrete?
Afferent arteriole
Monitors Blood pressure - when BP is low it secretes Renin
What has chemoreceptors in DCT and measures solutes
Macula Densa cells
Where are Macula Densa Cells located, what do they secrete, what do they measure?
DCT
Measures solutes
releases Renin if solutes are low
Name for urination
micturition
Which sphincter has voluntary control
external
What sphincter is under control of CNS
Internal sphincter
Glomerulus is porous and is wrapped in what kind of cells?
Podocytes (endfeet)
What surrounds the glomerulus and captures filtrate
Bowman’s capsule
The component that attaches the kidneys to the abdominal wall is the ____ ?
renal fascia
The two components of the renal corpuscle are —?
Glomerulus & Bowman’s capsule
If bood pressure increased, in theory, what should this do to the rate of glomerular filtration?
⬆BP
⬆NGF. (more particles get through)
HPg = BP - what is the normal rate?
55 mmHg
HPc =
hydrostatic pressure in capsule
fluid pressure as it filters to capsule
OPg =
osmotic pressure on glomerulus
albumin & solutes in blood
water to move back via osmosis
Average NFP =
10 mmHg
NFP = HPg - (OPg + HPc)
10 mmHg = 55-(30+45)
Average GFR
120 ml/min
How much filtrate a day
180 L filtrate/day
What are the impacts of kidney disease on NFP & GFR?
Elevates NFP & GFR
low BV and low BP
more fluid going through
glomerulus becomes permeable to protein (albumin) decreasing OPg
What are the impacts of Hemorrhage on NFP & GFR?
Decreases NFP and GFR
less fluid going through
reduces HPg (BP)
What are the impacts of nervous control on NFP & GFR?
Decreases NFP & GFR
sympathetic NS constricts afferent & efferent arteriole
What is NFP = 0
renal suppression
No net drive/movement
Smooth membrane, tightly adherent to the kidney surface
fibrous capsule