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Anatomy > Visceral Innervation > Flashcards

Visceral Innervation Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons in visceral motor pathway

A

. Pre-ganglionic neuron and post-ganglionic neuron

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2
Q

Pre-ganglionic neuronal cell bodies for visceral motor

A

. Located in ventro-lateral horns at specific spinal cord levels
. T1-L2 levels for sympathetic neurons
. S2-4 levels for parasympathetic neurons

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3
Q

Preganglionic visceral motor fibers/axons

A

. Ventral roots

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4
Q

Post-ganglionic neuronal cell bodies for visceral motor nerves

A

. Autonomic ganglia outside CNS

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5
Q

Parasympathetic division

A

. Conserve energy and promote normal function
. Localized target and effects
. Both pre and post-ganglionic neurons release neurotransmittter Ach (cholinergic)
. Cell bodies of pre-ganglionic neurons in gray matter of brain stem (vagus) and sacral spinal cord segments (S2-4, craniosacral outflow)

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6
Q

Sympathetic division

A

. Prepare fight/flight
. Multiple targets and board effects
. Pre-ganglionic neurons release Ach and post-ganglionic neurons release NE(adrenergic)
. Cell bodies of pre-ganglionic neurons in gray matter of thoracic and lumbar spinal cord segments (T1-L3, thoracolumbar outtflow)

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7
Q

Enteric division

A

. Intrinsic innervation of GI tract located w/in GI walls
.2 complex and interconnected plexuses (meissner and Auerbach)
. 3rd ANS division or parasympathetic component
. Neurons capable of autonomous generation of peristalsis and glandular secretions
. Neurons receive input from parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions

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8
Q

Parasympathetic pre-ganglionic cell body locations

A

. Brainstorm nuclei assoc. w/ cranial nerve III, VII, IX, and X
. Ventro-lateral horns of gray matter in sacral spinal cord segments S2-4

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9
Q

Route of pre-ganglionic axons coursing in vagus nerve

A

. In thorax: pre-ganglionic fibers join pulmonary,cardiac, and esophageal autonomic plexuses to distribute to terminal ganglia in walls of lungs, heart, and esophagus
. Esophageal plexus coalesces into ant. And post. Vagal trunks that continue into abdominal cavity
.abdomen: pre-ganglionic fibers (vagal trunks) enter autonomic plexuses assoc. w/ abdominal aorta and branches
. Continues along blood vessels to terminal ganglia in wall of stomach, liver, pancreas, SI, and ascending and transverse colon

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10
Q

Autonomic plexuses

A

. Bundles of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral sensory fibers coursing to/form common structures
. Named for structures they supply or where they’re located

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11
Q

Route of pre-ganglionic axons/fibers arising in sacral spinal cord segments

A

. Pre-ganglionic fibers exit S2-4 via ventral roots, spinal nerve proper, and ventral rami
. Branch from ventral rami as pelvic splanchnic nn. That pass to inf. Hypogastric plexuses ain’t hen to sub-plexus specific to pelvic viscera
. Post-ganglion cell bodies: near or w/in walls of target organs
. Post-ganglionic neurons have short axons compared to post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons

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12
Q

T/F There is no parasympathetic n. Distribution to limbs or body wall

A

T, only supply viscera of head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis

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13
Q

Splanchnic nerves

A

. Convey visceral motor and sensory fibers to and from viscera
. Can be parasympathetic or sympathetic

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14
Q

Pre-ganglionic cell body location in sympathetic division

A

. . Ventro-lateral horns of gray matter is spinal cord segments T1-L2/3 only

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15
Q

Post-ganglionic cell bodies in sympathetic division

A

. Chain ganglia (paravertebral ganglia): linked by sympathetic fibers to form sympathetic trunks/chains that run along spinal column
. Pre-vertebral ganglia: abdomen and pelvis along abdominal aorta and branches

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16
Q

Pre-vertebral ganglia

A

. Celiac ganglion: celiac trunk artery and innervates foregut structures
. Sup. Mesenteric, aorticorenal, and inf. Mesenteric ganglia

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17
Q

Route of pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers

A

. Exit spinal cord via ventral roots, spinal nerve proper, and ventral rami
. Split as white rami communicantes and enter sympathetic chain (T1-L2/3 only)

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18
Q

Routes w/in sympathetic chain

A

. Synapse w/ post-ganglionic neuron in chain ganglion at level of entry or course sup/inf. To synapse w/ post-ganglionic neuron in a chain ganglion at different level
. Pass through chain w/o synapsids and merge from chain as thoracic splanchnic nn (T5-12) or lumbarbsplanchnic nn (L1-3) in abdominal cavity, fibers then synapse in pre-vertebral ganglia

19
Q

Sacral sympathetic splanchnic nn branch fro, chain in pelvic cavity, but _____

A

Fibers primarily post-ganglionic

20
Q

sympathetic post-ganglionic fibers

A

. Long w high number collateral branches for more diffuse widespread effect

21
Q

Post-ganglion sympathetic fibers in body wall and limbs

A

. Exit chain as gray rami communicantes (assoc. w/ all spinal nn.)and re-enter spinal nerve proper
. Course w/ dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nn. To their targets

22
Q

Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers in head and neck

A

. Branch directly from sup. Cervical ganglia

. Course along branches of external carotid a. To their targets

23
Q

Post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers in thoracic organs

A

. Heart and lungs: split from lower cervical and upper thoracic chain ganglia as sympathetic cardiac nn. And enter cardiac and pulmonary autonomic plexuses to innervates heart and lungs
. Esophagus: split from thoracic chain ganglia and contributes to esophageal autonomic plexus

24
Q

Post-ganglionic sympahtetic fibers in abdominopelvic viscera

A

. Arise from prevertebral ganglia and course along blood vessels and through autonomic plexuses to reach target organs

25
Q

Visceral sensory fibers

A

. Course retrograde (toward CNS) w/ sympathetic fibers and through white rami communicantes to spinal nerve
. Moves through dorsal root to CNS
. In pelvis, course w/ parasympathetic fibers

26
Q

The brain interprets pain as ___

A

Somatic

27
Q

Where is pain referred to?

A

Areas of body wall that receive somatic innervation from spinal nerves arises from same spinal cord level

28
Q

Visceral pain fibers for heart arise from ____

A

T1-T5 spinal cord levels

29
Q

Somatovisceral sensory fibers coursing w/ spinal nn. From T1-T6 distribute to ___

A

Upper limb

30
Q

Skin sympathetic and parasympathetic effects

A

. S: raises hair, vasoconstriction, sweating

. P: none

31
Q

Lacrimal/salivary glands sympathetic and parasympathetic effects

A

. S: dec. secretion

. P: promotes secretion, makes watery

32
Q

Eyes S and P effects

A

S: dilates pupils

. P: contracts pupil, contracts ciliary muscle

33
Q

Heart S and P effects

A

S: inc. rate and strength of contractions
P: dec. rate and strength of contractions

34
Q

Lungs S and P effects

A

S: inhibits parasympathetic effects which results in bronchodilation
P:constricts bronchi

35
Q

Digestive tract S and P

A

. S: inhibits peristalsis, vasoconstriction

. P: stimulates peristalsis and secretions of digestive juices

36
Q

Urinary tract S and P

A

S: vasoconstriction, constricts internal urethral sphincter
P: inhibits contraction of internal urethral sphincter, contracts detrusor muscle

37
Q

Genital tract and organs S and P effects

A

. S: Causes ejaculation, vasoconstriction causes loss of erection
P: produces engorgement of erectile tissues

38
Q

Suprarenal medulla S and P effects

A

S: releases adrenaline into blood
P: none

39
Q

PNS cranial nn. II, VII, and IX site of synapse and target structures

A

. Site: 4 pairs of head ganglia

. Target: smooth muscle and glands in head

40
Q

PNS cranial n. X site of synapse and target structures

A

. Site: ganglia in/near walls of target structures

. Target: smooth and cardiac muscle, glands of viscera in neck , thorax, foregut, and midgut

41
Q

PNS pelvic splanchnic nn. Sites of synapse and target structures

A

Site: ganglia on/near walls of target structures
Target: smooth muscle and glands of hindgut and pelvic viscera

42
Q

SNS spinal cord levels T1-L2 site of synapse and target structures

A

. Site: sympathetic chain ganglia

. Target: smooth and cardiac muscle, glands of body wall and limbs (1-L2), head (T1-2), and thoracic viscera (T1-5)

43
Q

SNS thoracic splanchnic nerves (T5-12) site of synapse and target structures

A

. Site: prevertebral ganglia

. Target: smooth muscle/glands of foregut and midgut

44
Q

SNS lumbar splanchnic nn. (L1-3) site of synapse and target structure

A

. Site: prevertebral ganglia

. Target: smooth muscle/glands of hindgut and pelvic viscera

Anatomy (49 decks)

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