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anatomy > Development Of ody Cavities, Respiratory, And Digestive Systems > Flashcards

Development Of ody Cavities, Respiratory, And Digestive Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Intraembryonic coelom

A

. Forms as space btwsplanchnic and somatic layers of lat. plate mesoderm
. Subdivided into pericardial, pleural, and abdominopelvic cavities

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2
Q

When is transverse folding of embryo complete?

A

end of Week 4

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3
Q

Lateral body wall folds vs. lateral splanchnic folds

A

. Body wall folds from somatic mesoderm plus overlying ectoderm, fuses closing ventral body wall, parietal serous membrane from somatic mesoderm
. Splanchnic folds from splanchnic mesoderm plus underlying endoderm fuses forming gut tube, visceral serous membrane from splanchnic mesoderm

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4
Q

Dorsal mesentery

A

. Where parietal and visceral serous membranes are continous w/ one another
. Suspends gut tube from post. Body wall
. Derived from splanchnic mesoderm

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5
Q

Ventral mesentery

A

. Present along foregut
. Persists in area of future stomach and liver
. Derives from septum transversum

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6
Q

Septum transversum

A

. Thick plate mesoderm proliferates in space btw thoracic cavity and yolk sac
. Partially separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

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7
Q

Pericardioperitoneal canals

A

. Bilateral openings in septum transversum on either side of foregut
. Lung buds from gut tube project into these canals

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8
Q

Pleuropericardial folds

A

. Bilateral mesodermal folds projecting from lat. wall of thoracic cavity ant. To lung buds and post. To developing heart
. Expand med. to come pleuropericardial membranes

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9
Q

Pleuropericardial membranes

A

. Engulf phrenic n. And common cardinal v.
. Fuse at midline w/ roots of lungs
. Fusions divides thoracic cavity into pericardial cavity and 2 pleural cavities
. Incorporate into fibrous pericardium

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10
Q

Formation of thoracoabdominal diaphragm

A

. Pleuroperitoneal folds (mesodermal) project into caudal ends of pericardioperitoneal canals and extend med. and ventrally
. Pleuroperitoneal membranes form post. Part of Diaphragm in week 7
. Membranes, septum transversum, and mesentery of esophagus fuse o separate pleural and peritoneal cavities
. Myoblasts (C305 somites) migrate along lat. wall and into membranes to form muscular part
. Fibers of C3-5 spinal nn. Migrate in myoblasts to form phrenic n.
. Septum transversum becomes central tendon

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11
Q

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

. Most common diaphragm hernia
. Failure of pleuroperitoneal membranes to close off pericardioperitoneal canals
. Abdominal contents protrude into abdominal cavity and compress heart and lungs
. High mortality from units not forming well

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12
Q

Parasternal hernias

A

. Small defects in muscle fibers of diaphragm permit intestinal loops to enter chest btw sternal and costal parts of diaphragm

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13
Q

Esophageal hernias

A

. Congenitally short esophagus causes upper stomach to remain in thorax

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14
Q

Endoderm in gut tube

A

. Forms epithelial lining of GIa nd respiratory tracts

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15
Q

Splanchnic mesoderm in gut tube gives rise to ___

A

. . Smooth muscle, CT of GI and respiratory tracts
. Organs that arise as outpouching of these tracts
. Dorsal mesentery of gut tube

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16
Q

When does Vitelline duct incorporate into umbilical cord and degenerate w/ yolk sac?

A

Months 2-3

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17
Q

Epithelial lining in gut tube evolution

A

. Lining proliferates and temporarily occluded lumen

. Growth of tube and apoptosis causes re-canalizations of tube by week 9

18
Q

Stomodeum

A

. Primitive oral cavity

. Gets separated from gut tube by oropharyngeal membrane that ruptures in week 4

19
Q

Proctodeum

A

. Primitive lower part of anal canal

. Separated from the distal end of gut tube by cloacal membrane that breaks down to form anal opening in week 7

20
Q

Respiratory diverticulum

A

. Endodermal outpouching off ventral aspect of foregut
. Elongates to form trachea
. Splits into R/L lung buds that are surrounded by splanchnic mesoderm

21
Q

Bronchial buds

A

. From lung buds
. Form R/L primary bronchi
. Continue to branch to form respiratory tree

22
Q

What regulates growth of respiratory tree via biomolecular signaling

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

23
Q

Tracheoesophageal fistula

A

. Abnormal/incomplete separation of trachea from esophageal foregut
. Identified shortly after birth when infant chokes or regurgitates milk while feeding

24
Q

Maturation of fetal respiratory system

A

. Not developed before 26 weeks
. Proliferation of primary resp. Alveoli in weeks 26-40 (have enough after week 26 to survive)
. Surfactant from type II cells made
. Need adequate pulmonary vasculature for survival

25
Q

When does stomach growth start to appear?

A

Week 4

26
Q

Dorsal mesogastrium

A

. Subdivision of dorsal mesentery

. Suspends stomach from post. Body wall

27
Q

Ventral mesogastrium

A

. Subdivision of ventral mesentery
. Suspends stomach from ventral wall
. Encloses developing liver

28
Q

Stomach rotations during embryonic development

A

. Rotates 90 degree clockwise around longitudinal axis causing left side to face ant. And right post.
. Curvatures from as new left side and grow faster than right side
. Rotates around AP axis so pyloric part shifts to the right and upward and cardiac portion moves left and downward
. Stomach ends diagonal from upper left to lower right

29
Q

Lesser peritoneal sac formation

A

. Forms as longitudinal rotation of stomach pulls ventral mesogastrium to the right and dorsal mesogastrium to left
. Creates space post. Tot stomach

30
Q

Greater omentum formation

A

. AP rotation has dorsal mesogastrium form double-layered sac that drapes ventral to transverse colon and SI
. Layers fuse together and w/ mesentery of colon

31
Q

Less omentum and falciform ligament derive from ____

A

Ventral mesogastrium

32
Q

Hepatic diverticulum

A

. Endoermal outpouching off foregut in week 3
. Forms liver and gallbladder
. Hepatocytes from endoderm
. Kupffer cells and CT from mesoderm of septum transversum
. Bile duct from narrowing of initial diverticulum

33
Q

Outgrowth of embryonic bile duct forms ___

A

Gallbladder and cystic duct

34
Q

Liver formation

A

. liver bud attaches to ant. Body wall via ventral mesentery
. Liver enlarges and ventral mesentery thins becoming falciform ligament
. Longitudinal rotation of foregut has liver swing right
. Contacts parietal peritoneum overlying IVC and peritoneal membranes fuse so liver anchors to post. Body wall

35
Q

Bare area of liver

A

. Location where liver contacts inf. Surface of diaphragm and visceral and parietal peritoneal membranes fuse together

36
Q

Epiploic foramen

A

. Allows continuity btw greater and lesser peritoneal sacs

. Hepatoduodenal ligament on inf. Rim

37
Q

Pancreas formation

A

. Ventral pancreatic bud branches from hepatic diverticulum
. Dorsal pancreatic bud that branches directly from foregut
. Longitudinal rotation of foregut pulls ventral bud post. To duodenum
. Dorsal and ventral buds fuse together and pancreas pressed against post. Body wall
. Visceral and parietal peritoneum fuse and pancreas is secondarily retroperitoneal
. Main pancreatic duct from ventral bud
. Accessory pancreatic duct from dorsal bud

38
Q

Spleen formation

A

. Develops btw 2 layers of dorsal mesogastrium btw stomach and dorsal body wall

39
Q

Small and large intestine formation

A

.Elongation of gut tube/mesentery forms primary intestinal loop
. Loop remains in connection w/ Vitelline duct at loop apex
. Loop rotates 90 degrees clockwise around sup. Mesenteric a. (SMA)
. Week 10 intestine loops return to body cavity and rotate 180 degrees about SMA
. Prox. Jejunum 1st part to return
. Distal colon pushed L forming descending colon
. Cecum rotates caudally to final position
. De/ascending mesocolon fuses w/ dorsal body wall to become 2ndary retroperitoneal
. Mesentery transverse colon fuses w/ dorsal greater omentum

40
Q

Volvulus

A

. from abnormal gut rotations
. Portion of gut twists about it’s mesentery
. May cause bowel obstruction or ischemia in affected segment

41
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum

A

. Blind outgrowth off ileum
. Asymptomatic usually
. Can become inflamed and have similar symptoms as appendicitis
. If it Attaches to body wall it can form volvulus

42
Q

Omphacele

A

. Abdominal all defect
. Caused by guy viscera not returning to body cavity aftern herniation in umbilicus
. Intestinal loops or other viscera in sac formed by amnion outside body
. Occur in 1/3500 births

anatomy (49 decks)

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