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Anatomy > Circulatory Sytem Development II > Flashcards

Circulatory Sytem Development II Flashcards

1
Q

Interventricular septum development

A

. Muscular ridge that develops on floor btw primitive ventricles near apex of heart
. Grows sup. Toward atrioventricular endocardial cushions
. Muscular portion partitions off primitive ventricles except for small area in region close to atrioventricular valves

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2
Q

Conus cordis during ventricular development

A

. Overrides outflow of both primitive ventricles

. TA immediately cranial to this

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3
Q

Aorticopulmonary (spiral, truncoconal, conotruncal) septum

A

. Decides TA and conus cordis

. Spirals as it courses down though TA and conus cordis

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4
Q

Truncus ateriosus (TA) divided into____

A

Ascending aorta and pulmonary a.

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5
Q

What forms sup. Part of definitive left ventricle and blood flow?

A

. Left part of conus

. Sends blood into ascending aorta

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6
Q

Superior part of definitive rightventrile formation and blood flow

A

. Right part of conus

. Sends blood to pulmonary a.

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7
Q

Aorticopulmonary septum

A

. Completes sup. Portion of interventricular septum that’s membranous section
. Bisects 4-cusp valve present in TA dividing it into 3-cusp pulmonic and aortic valves

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8
Q

Ventricular septal defect

A

. Caused by defect in interventricular septum in its sup. Aspect where it is formed by aorticopulmonary septum
. Causes blood to be shunted from L to R side of the heart causing pulmonary hypertension
. Less common defect present in thicker muscular portion of septum

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9
Q

Result of persistent TA

A

. Failure of aorticopulmonary septum to develop
. TA and conus cordus not divided into aorta and pulmonary trunk
. Assoc. w/ ventricular septal defect
. Undivided conus overrides both ventricles and receives blood from both sides
. Infants die w/in first 2 years if untreated

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10
Q

Transposition of great arteries

A

. Aorticopulmonary septum descends straight down instead of spiraling
. Aorta arises from the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk from left ventricle
. Must be accompanying septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus for survival so there can be mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
. Leading cause of death in infants under 1 year old w/ cyanotic heart disease

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11
Q

Tatralogy of Fallot

A

. Combo of 4 cardiac defects
. Caused by unequal division of conus cordis and TA by aorticopulmonary septum
. Aorta abnormally large and pulmonary trunk is abnormally small
. Causes cyanosis of lips and fingernails
. Treated surgically in 1st year of life

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12
Q

4 defects in tetralogy of fallot

A

. Pulmonary trunk stenosis
. Ventricular septal defect
. Overriding aorta (over outflow of both ventricles)
. R ventricular hypertrophy from inc. pressure from pulmonary stenosis

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13
Q

Vitelline aa. Evolve into unpaired gut vessels called

A

. Celiac a.

. Sup and inf. Mesenteric aa.

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14
Q

Aortae supply ____ to placenta

A

Paired umbilical aa.

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15
Q

Aortic arches in great vessel development

A

. Paired aa. That arise from TA and supply each branchial arch
. Terminates in dorsal aorta on the same side

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16
Q

Number of aortic arch pairs and qualities

A

6 pairs
. Develop sequentially cranial to caudal
. Many arches disappear (1st disappeared by the time the 6th forms)
. Many larger aa. Supplying head, neck and upper extremity derive from aortic arches

17
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

. Abnormal narrowing of aorta in area of ductus arteriosus
. Preductal or postductal
. Embryological basis

18
Q

Preductal form of coarctation

A

. More serious
. Lumen of ductus arteriosus constricts at birth
. Lower half of body receives little/no circulation damaging organs

19
Q

Postductal form of coarctation

A

. More common, less serious
. Has collateral circulation in place at birth that allows the blood to bypass blockage and provide adequate circulation to lower half of body

20
Q

Double aortic arch (aortic ring)

A

. Distal portion of right dorsal aorta fails to degenerate
. Causes double arch that encircles esophagus and trachea
. Causes problems w/ breathing or swallowing

21
Q

Retroesophageal right subclavian a.

A

. Due to persistence of distal portion of right dorsal aorta

. Causes R. Subclavian a. To arise from aortic arch and crosses post. To esophagus causing difficulty swallowing

22
Q

Prenatal circulation flow

A

. Blood leaves fetus via umbilical aa. Depleted of O2 and nutrients w/ waster products
. Placenta removes waste and replenishes nutrients via diffusion
. Blood returning to fetus in single umbilical v. Rich in nutrients and O2
. Greater part of blood goes to cranial Half via shunts
. Umbilical v. Goes through liver and to heart
. Highly oxygenated blood in IVC enters RA and mixes w/ deoxygenated blood from SVC
. Blood passes through interatrial septum into LA then enters LV
. Pumped into ascending aorta

23
Q

Ductus venosus

A

. Shunt that allows bulk of blood to bypass liver and flow directly to IVC

24
Q

Small amount of blood from developing RA goes into ____

A

Right ventricle through tricuspid valve

. Distributed by RV and pulmonary a. To developing lungs

25
Q

Blood in developing pulmonary a. Moves into ____

A

. Arch of aorta via ductus arteriosus

26
Q

Where does fetal blood flow go after moving to ascending aorta

A

. Most distributed to cranial half of embryo via carotid and subclavian aa.
. Blood remaining goes to caudal half of fetus

27
Q

What occurs to ductus arteriosus postnatally

A

. Contracts from inc. O2 content of blood
. Closes off opening btw arch of aorta and left pulmonary a.
. Lumen replaced by fibrous CT forming ligamentum arteriosum

28
Q

What occurs to ductus venosus

A

. Collapses and becomes ligamentum venosum

29
Q

What occurs to umbilical aa. Postnatally?

A

. Contract in response to blood-borne O2 level
. Lumens filled w/ fibrous CT creating obliterated umbilical aa. That lie in ant. Abdominal wall (medial umbilical ligaments)
. Proximal umbilical aa. Remains patent giving off branches that supply urinary bladder (sup. Vesicular aa.)

30
Q

What occurs to umbilical vv. Postnatally?

A

. Collapses bc no blood is returning form baby to placenta
. Intra-abdominal portion fills w/ fibrous CT and become round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres hepatitis) that lies w/in falciform ligament

31
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

. Ductus arteriosus fails to close
. Doesn’t form ligamentum arteriosusm
. 2-3x times more common in females
. Most common malformation following maternal rubella infection
. Indomethacin administered to cause closure before resorting to surgery

32
Q

Heart rotation during development

A

. Slight rotation to left along its longitudinal axis

33
Q

Dextrocardia

A

. Reversal of heart’s normal position

34
Q

Situs inversus

A

. Reverses normal symmetry of body
. Complete: all organs reversed
. Partial: reversal of 1+ organs but not everything, more likely manifest w/ difficulties

Anatomy (49 decks)

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