Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Deep Back > Flashcards

Deep Back Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of deep back muscles

A

intersegmental and multisegmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Intersegmental muscles

A

. Short muscles that span a single intervertebral joint (segment)
. Contribute to fine control of spinal movement
. High proportion of muscle spindles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Muscle spindles

A

. Specialized sensory fibers that register muscle length and velocity
. Important in propioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Multisegmental muscles

A

. Span multiple intervertebral joints
. Formed by fusion of intersegmental muscles during embryonic development
. Provide forceful extension of vertebral column, maintain posture, rotation and lat. flexion of torso, head, and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Intrinsic muscle flexion/extension

A

. On Sagittal plane
. Extend head or vertebral column
. NO FLEXION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lateral flexion of intrinsic muscles

A

. Coronal plane
. Lat. flexion of vertebral column
. Right side muscles flex vertebral column right
. Left side muscles flex left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rotation in intrinsic muscles

A

. Transverse plane
. Ipsilateral rotation on right side rotates vertebral column right (left on left too)
. Contralateral rotation on right side moves head/column left (left muscles rotate right)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bilateral contraction of intrinsic muscles

A

. Right and left side contracts simultaneously

. Activated symmetrically, lateral flexion and rotational actions cancel out resulting in pure extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Unilateral contraction of intrinsic muscles

A

. Muscle contracts on one side only

. Primarily lat. flexion and rotation result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F all intrinsic muscles extend and laterally flex the vertebral column and head

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Splenius capitis and cervicis mm. OIA

A

O: ligamentum nuchae, T1-4 spinous processes
I: mastoid process and sup. Nuchal line (capitis portion) and C1-C4 (cervicis)
A: ispsilateral rotation of head/neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Erector spinae

A

Major postural muscle group

. Iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Iliocostalis OIA

A

O: common tendon from post. Iliac crest, dorsal sacrum, and lumbar spinous processes
I: angles of ribs (lumborum and thoracis) and cervical transverse processes (cervicis)
A: ipsilateral rotation of head/neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Longissimus m OIA

A

O: common tendon from post. Iliac crest, dorsal sacrum, and lumbar spinous processes
I: thoracic transverse processes and adjacent ribs, cervical transverse processes, mastoid process
A: ipsilateral head/neck rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Spinalis OIA

A

O: common tendon from post. Iliac crest, dorsal sacrum, and lumbar spinous processes
I: upper thoracic spinous processes, cervical spinous processes and ligamentum nuchae, occipital bone between nuchal lines
A: ipsilateral rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transversospinalis group muscles and OIA

A

Muscles: semispinalis, multifundus, and rotator m.
O: dorsal sacrum and post. Iliac crest, lumbar mammillary processes
I: Spinuous processes and occipital bone
A: contralateral rotation of head/neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Semispinalis m. Spans ___

A

5-6 vertebral segments, best defined in cervical region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Semispinalis cervicis spans____

A

From upper thoracic transverse processes to upper cervical spinous processes as far as C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Semispinalis capitis spans ______

A

From cervical transverse processes to occipital bone, a major extensor of the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Multifundus m: spans____

A

3-4 segments, best defined in lumbar region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Multifundus lumborum spans ___

A

Dorsal sacrum and lumbar mammillary processes to lumbar and lower thoracic spinous processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Rotator m. Spans __

A

102 segments, best defined in thoracic region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rotator longus spans ___

A

Spans 2 segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rotator brevis spans ___

25
Levator costae m (pl. levatores costarum) OIA
O: transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae I: sup. Borders of ribs (1-2 segments inferior) A: elevate ribs, assist lat. flexion
26
Intersegmental muscles
Interspinalis and intertransverse m. | . Muscles have high proportion of muscle spindles and their primary function is proprioception
27
Interspinalis m. (Pl. interspinales)
Between adjacent spinous processes in the cervical and lumbar regions
28
Intertransverse m. (Pl. intertransversari)
. Between adjacent transverse processes in the cervical and lumbar regions . In cervical region these muscles are separated by cervical spinal nerves
29
Flexion extension syndrome (whiplash)
. Rapid movement of head from hyper extension to hyper flexion tears cervical intersegmental muscles sprain cervical ligaments . Tenderness, stiffness, and radiating pain result
30
Thoracolumbar fascia
.investing fascia of the intrinsic back muscles in the thoracic and lumbar regions
31
Layers of thoracolumbar fascia
.posterior layer, middle layer, and anterior layer
32
Posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia
. Attaches to the vertebral spinous processes | . Thin in thoracic region but forms dense aponeurosis in the lumbar region
33
Middle layer thoracolumbar fascia
. Attaches to lumber transverse processes, iliac crest, and rib 12 . Continuous laterally w/ the aponeurosis of transverse abdominis m.
34
Anterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia
Ant. Fascia of quadratus lumborum,
35
What do lumbar vertebrae and posterior and middle layers of thoracolumbar fascia form?
Osseofascial compartment that encloses the intrinsic back muscles
36
Paraspinal compartment syndrome
. Swelling in intrinsic back muscles from overuse or trauma | . Increased intracompartmental pressure can interrupt blood supply leading to death of affected muscle tissue
37
Suboccipital region
. Located inf. To occipital bone and deep to semispinalis capitis
38
Suboccipital muscles
. Deepest layer of dorsal cervical muscles . Principal functions are postural (fine adjustments) and proprioceptive . All muscles innervated by dorsal ramus of C1, the suboccipital n. . Rectus capitis post. Major, rectus capitis post. Minor, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior
39
Rectus capitis posterior major m. OIA
O: spinous process of axis (C2) I: inf. Nuchal line A. Extension (bilateral) and and ipsilateral rotation (unilateral) of head
40
Rectus capitis post. Minor OIA
O: post. Tubercle of atlas (C1) I: inf. Nuchal line medial to rectus capitis post. Major A: extension of head (bilateral)
41
Obliquus capitis superior m. OIA
O: transverse process of atlas (C1) I: occiput between nuchal line A: extension of head (bilateral), lateral flexion of head (unilateral)
42
Obliquus capitis inf. M. OIA
O: spinous process of axis (C2) I: transverse process of atlas (C1) A: ipsilateral rotation of head (unilateral)
43
Suboccipital triangle boundaries
. Borders: rectus capitis post. Major, obliquus capitis sup., obliquus capitis inf. . Floor: post. Atlanto-occipital membrane and post. Arch of atlas . Roof: semispinalis capitis m.
44
Suboccipital triangle contents
Vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve
45
Vertebral artery in suboccipital triangle
. Exits transverse foramen of C1 . Curves medially around post. Aspect of lat. mass of atlas . Pierces post. Atlanto-occipital membrane to enter foramen magnum
46
Suboccipital nerve in suboccipital triangle
. Dorsal ramus of C1 . Emerges from center of suboccipital triangle . Gives muscular branches to suboccipital muscles . Lacks sensory fibers and has no cutaneous distribution
47
Carotid atherosclerosis
Compression of vertebral arteries when turning the head reduces blood flow to the brain and cause symptoms such as dizziness and nystagmus
48
Structures closely related to the suboccipital triangle but are not considered part of its contents
Occipital artery and greater occipital nerve
49
Occipital artery
. Branch of external carotid a. . Emerges lat. to obliquus capitis sup. Muscle . Courses superiorly to supply post. Scalp
50
Greater occipital nerve
. From dorsal ramus of C2 | . Emerges inf. To obliquus capitis inf. Muscle and pierces semispinalis capitis m. To innervate skin of post. Scalp
51
Intrinsic muscle innervation
. Segmentally by muscular branches of dorsal primary rami | . Terminate as post. Cutaneous nerves
52
Cutaneous back innervation
. Skin of central back (overlying intrinsic muscles) innervated segmentally by post. Cutaneous nerves (dorsal primary rami branch) . Skin of lat. back is innervated segmentally by lat. cutaneous nerves (ventral primary rami branch
53
Cutaneous back blood supply
Branches of post. And lat. cutaneous arteries (branches of segmental arteries of trunk)
54
Intrinsic muscles of back blood supply
. Segmental arteries (accompany dorsal primary rami) . Deep cervical a. (Courses deep to semispinalis capitis m. . Vertebral a. (Gives muscular branches to cervical muscles)
55
Skin overlying intrinsic muscles blood supply
. Post. Cutaneous aa. (Branches of segmental aa.)
56
Skin of lat. back blood supply
Segmentally by lat. cutaneous aa. (Branches of post. Intercostal aa.)
57
Lymphatics in back
. Follows venous return patterns . Filtered through regional lymph nodes . Dorsal neck/upper back lymph drains to cervical and axillary lymph nodes . Lower back lymph drains to inguinal lymph nodes
58
What muscles can cause cervicogenic headache?
Suboccipital muscles
59
Bow hunter’s Syndrome
Rotational vertebral artery compression causing vertebrobasiliar insufficiency

Anatomy (49 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions