Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Deep Back > Flashcards

Deep Back Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of deep back muscles

A

intersegmental and multisegmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Intersegmental muscles

A

. Short muscles that span a single intervertebral joint (segment)
. Contribute to fine control of spinal movement
. High proportion of muscle spindles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Muscle spindles

A

. Specialized sensory fibers that register muscle length and velocity
. Important in propioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Multisegmental muscles

A

. Span multiple intervertebral joints
. Formed by fusion of intersegmental muscles during embryonic development
. Provide forceful extension of vertebral column, maintain posture, rotation and lat. flexion of torso, head, and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Intrinsic muscle flexion/extension

A

. On Sagittal plane
. Extend head or vertebral column
. NO FLEXION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lateral flexion of intrinsic muscles

A

. Coronal plane
. Lat. flexion of vertebral column
. Right side muscles flex vertebral column right
. Left side muscles flex left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rotation in intrinsic muscles

A

. Transverse plane
. Ipsilateral rotation on right side rotates vertebral column right (left on left too)
. Contralateral rotation on right side moves head/column left (left muscles rotate right)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bilateral contraction of intrinsic muscles

A

. Right and left side contracts simultaneously

. Activated symmetrically, lateral flexion and rotational actions cancel out resulting in pure extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Unilateral contraction of intrinsic muscles

A

. Muscle contracts on one side only

. Primarily lat. flexion and rotation result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F all intrinsic muscles extend and laterally flex the vertebral column and head

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Splenius capitis and cervicis mm. OIA

A

O: ligamentum nuchae, T1-4 spinous processes
I: mastoid process and sup. Nuchal line (capitis portion) and C1-C4 (cervicis)
A: ispsilateral rotation of head/neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Erector spinae

A

Major postural muscle group

. Iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Iliocostalis OIA

A

O: common tendon from post. Iliac crest, dorsal sacrum, and lumbar spinous processes
I: angles of ribs (lumborum and thoracis) and cervical transverse processes (cervicis)
A: ipsilateral rotation of head/neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Longissimus m OIA

A

O: common tendon from post. Iliac crest, dorsal sacrum, and lumbar spinous processes
I: thoracic transverse processes and adjacent ribs, cervical transverse processes, mastoid process
A: ipsilateral head/neck rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Spinalis OIA

A

O: common tendon from post. Iliac crest, dorsal sacrum, and lumbar spinous processes
I: upper thoracic spinous processes, cervical spinous processes and ligamentum nuchae, occipital bone between nuchal lines
A: ipsilateral rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transversospinalis group muscles and OIA

A

Muscles: semispinalis, multifundus, and rotator m.
O: dorsal sacrum and post. Iliac crest, lumbar mammillary processes
I: Spinuous processes and occipital bone
A: contralateral rotation of head/neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Semispinalis m. Spans ___

A

5-6 vertebral segments, best defined in cervical region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Semispinalis cervicis spans____

A

From upper thoracic transverse processes to upper cervical spinous processes as far as C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Semispinalis capitis spans ______

A

From cervical transverse processes to occipital bone, a major extensor of the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Multifundus m: spans____

A

3-4 segments, best defined in lumbar region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Multifundus lumborum spans ___

A

Dorsal sacrum and lumbar mammillary processes to lumbar and lower thoracic spinous processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Rotator m. Spans __

A

102 segments, best defined in thoracic region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rotator longus spans ___

A

Spans 2 segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rotator brevis spans ___

A

1 segment

25
Q

Levator costae m (pl. levatores costarum) OIA

A

O: transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
I: sup. Borders of ribs (1-2 segments inferior)
A: elevate ribs, assist lat. flexion

26
Q

Intersegmental muscles

A

Interspinalis and intertransverse m.

. Muscles have high proportion of muscle spindles and their primary function is proprioception

27
Q

Interspinalis m. (Pl. interspinales)

A

Between adjacent spinous processes in the cervical and lumbar regions

28
Q

Intertransverse m. (Pl. intertransversari)

A

. Between adjacent transverse processes in the cervical and lumbar regions
. In cervical region these muscles are separated by cervical spinal nerves

29
Q

Flexion extension syndrome (whiplash)

A

. Rapid movement of head from hyper extension to hyper flexion tears cervical intersegmental muscles sprain cervical ligaments
. Tenderness, stiffness, and radiating pain result

30
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia

A

.investing fascia of the intrinsic back muscles in the thoracic and lumbar regions

31
Q

Layers of thoracolumbar fascia

A

.posterior layer, middle layer, and anterior layer

32
Q

Posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia

A

. Attaches to the vertebral spinous processes

. Thin in thoracic region but forms dense aponeurosis in the lumbar region

33
Q

Middle layer thoracolumbar fascia

A

. Attaches to lumber transverse processes, iliac crest, and rib 12
. Continuous laterally w/ the aponeurosis of transverse abdominis m.

34
Q

Anterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia

A

Ant. Fascia of quadratus lumborum,

35
Q

What do lumbar vertebrae and posterior and middle layers of thoracolumbar fascia form?

A

Osseofascial compartment that encloses the intrinsic back muscles

36
Q

Paraspinal compartment syndrome

A

. Swelling in intrinsic back muscles from overuse or trauma

. Increased intracompartmental pressure can interrupt blood supply leading to death of affected muscle tissue

37
Q

Suboccipital region

A

. Located inf. To occipital bone and deep to semispinalis capitis

38
Q

Suboccipital muscles

A

. Deepest layer of dorsal cervical muscles
. Principal functions are postural (fine adjustments) and proprioceptive
. All muscles innervated by dorsal ramus of C1, the suboccipital n.
. Rectus capitis post. Major, rectus capitis post. Minor, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior

39
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major m. OIA

A

O: spinous process of axis (C2)
I: inf. Nuchal line
A. Extension (bilateral) and and ipsilateral rotation (unilateral) of head

40
Q

Rectus capitis post. Minor OIA

A

O: post. Tubercle of atlas (C1)
I: inf. Nuchal line medial to rectus capitis post. Major
A: extension of head (bilateral)

41
Q

Obliquus capitis superior m. OIA

A

O: transverse process of atlas (C1)
I: occiput between nuchal line
A: extension of head (bilateral), lateral flexion of head (unilateral)

42
Q

Obliquus capitis inf. M. OIA

A

O: spinous process of axis (C2)
I: transverse process of atlas (C1)
A: ipsilateral rotation of head (unilateral)

43
Q

Suboccipital triangle boundaries

A

. Borders: rectus capitis post. Major, obliquus capitis sup., obliquus capitis inf.
. Floor: post. Atlanto-occipital membrane and post. Arch of atlas
. Roof: semispinalis capitis m.

44
Q

Suboccipital triangle contents

A

Vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve

45
Q

Vertebral artery in suboccipital triangle

A

. Exits transverse foramen of C1
. Curves medially around post. Aspect of lat. mass of atlas
. Pierces post. Atlanto-occipital membrane to enter foramen magnum

46
Q

Suboccipital nerve in suboccipital triangle

A

. Dorsal ramus of C1
. Emerges from center of suboccipital triangle
. Gives muscular branches to suboccipital muscles
. Lacks sensory fibers and has no cutaneous distribution

47
Q

Carotid atherosclerosis

A

Compression of vertebral arteries when turning the head reduces blood flow to the brain and cause symptoms such as dizziness and nystagmus

48
Q

Structures closely related to the suboccipital triangle but are not considered part of its contents

A

Occipital artery and greater occipital nerve

49
Q

Occipital artery

A

. Branch of external carotid a.
. Emerges lat. to obliquus capitis sup. Muscle
. Courses superiorly to supply post. Scalp

50
Q

Greater occipital nerve

A

. From dorsal ramus of C2

. Emerges inf. To obliquus capitis inf. Muscle and pierces semispinalis capitis m. To innervate skin of post. Scalp

51
Q

Intrinsic muscle innervation

A

. Segmentally by muscular branches of dorsal primary rami

. Terminate as post. Cutaneous nerves

52
Q

Cutaneous back innervation

A

. Skin of central back (overlying intrinsic muscles) innervated segmentally by post. Cutaneous nerves (dorsal primary rami branch)
. Skin of lat. back is innervated segmentally by lat. cutaneous nerves (ventral primary rami branch

53
Q

Cutaneous back blood supply

A

Branches of post. And lat. cutaneous arteries (branches of segmental arteries of trunk)

54
Q

Intrinsic muscles of back blood supply

A

. Segmental arteries (accompany dorsal primary rami)
. Deep cervical a. (Courses deep to semispinalis capitis m.
. Vertebral a. (Gives muscular branches to cervical muscles)

55
Q

Skin overlying intrinsic muscles blood supply

A

. Post. Cutaneous aa. (Branches of segmental aa.)

56
Q

Skin of lat. back blood supply

A

Segmentally by lat. cutaneous aa. (Branches of post. Intercostal aa.)

57
Q

Lymphatics in back

A

. Follows venous return patterns
. Filtered through regional lymph nodes
. Dorsal neck/upper back lymph drains to cervical and axillary lymph nodes
. Lower back lymph drains to inguinal lymph nodes

58
Q

What muscles can cause cervicogenic headache?

A

Suboccipital muscles

59
Q

Bow hunter’s Syndrome

A

Rotational vertebral artery compression causing vertebrobasiliar insufficiency

Anatomy (49 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions