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Anatomy > Cranial Autonomics > Flashcards

Cranial Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Parasympathetic secretomotor neurons innervate ____

A

. Mucosal glands
. 3 pairs of salivary glands
. Lacrimal gland
. Spinchter pupillae and ciliary mm. In eye

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2
Q

The sympathetic division innervates what components of head and neck?

A

. Vascular smooth m., sweat glands, and arrector pili mm.

. Dilator pupillae and sup. Tarsal m. In orbit

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3
Q

T/F both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers modulate glandular secretions, but differentially affect the composition of secretions

A

T

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4
Q

All sympathetic fibers in head or pre or postganglionic?

A

Postganglionic

. Originate from T1-L2 spinal cord segments in one of 3 cervical ganglion (mostly sup. Cervical ganglion)

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5
Q

Routes of distribution of postganglionic fibers from sup. Cervical ganglia

A

. Arteries
. Cranial n.
. Direct visceral branches

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6
Q

Sympathetic functions of head an neck

A

. Regulation of vasoconstriction
. Pupil dilation
. Eyelid elevation
. Sweating

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7
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

. Interruption of sympathetics to head and neck from compression lesion of sympathetic trunk in sup. Mediastinum
. Have miosis (pupil constriction from dilator pupillae paralysis), ptosis, flushing of face, and hemianhydrosis (absence of sweating on affected side from lack of sympathetics)

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8
Q

Cranial preganglionic parasympathetic fibers merge from neurons originating in _____

A

4 nuclei w/in brainstem

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9
Q

Cranial nn. W/ parasympathetic fibers

A

. CN III, VII, IX, and X
. III, VII, and IX have 4 parasympathetic ganglia in the head (1 CN III, 2 for CN VII, 1 for CN IX)
. Closely assoc. w/ CN V and are delivered ot target organs in head and neck by hitchhiking on CN V branches

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10
Q

T/F the vagus has no named discrete ganglionic mass assoc. w/ it

A

T, it only has small diffuse ganglia in organ/target walls

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11
Q

Does the trigeminal n. Have intrinsic parasympathetic outflow?

A

F

. Only involved in distributing fibers

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12
Q

Function of parasympathetics in head and neck

A

. Affect secretion of lacrimal, salivary, and mucosal glands of oral and nasal cavities and sinuses
. Only smooth mm. Innervated by these fibers are the ciliary mm. And sphincter pupillae in eye

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13
Q

Vagus innervation to head and neck

A

. Has little parasympathetic innervation in head and neck
. Has some fibers that run to mucosal glands in pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus (not glands in upper pharynx, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses)
. Gives off cervical cardiac nn. In neck that pass into thorac and bring fibers to heart

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14
Q

General scheme of al 4 parasympathetic ganglia

A

. Sensory fibers from branch of CN V traverse each ganglion
. Postganglionic sympathetic fibers from sup. Cervical ganglion traverse each ganglion
. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers: synapse w/ cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons in ganglia, no synapses other than these occur in parasympathetic ganglia

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15
Q

Cranial nn. W/ parasympathetic outflow

A

. CN III
. CN VII
. CN IX
. CN X

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16
Q

CN III parasympathetic pathway

A

. Preganglionic fibers arise from neurons in Edinger-Westphal nucleus (midbrain) and leave brain stem in CN III
. Synapse in ciliary ganglion
. Postganglionic fibers innervate sphincter pupillae m. (Constricts pupil) and ciliary mm. (Accommodation of lens to near vision)

17
Q

CN VII parasympathetic pathway

A

. 2 preganglionic components that arise from sup. Salivatory nucleus
. Fibers exit brainstem in nervous intermedius, pass through sensory geniculate ganglion
. Continue in the greater petrosal n. To reach and synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion
. Postganglionic secretomotor fibers go to lacrimal gland and the mucous glands of the nasal cavity and palate
. Sup. Salvatpry nucleus has Preganglionic fibers that exit nervus intermedius, continue in chorda tympani and then in lingual n. To reach and synapse in submandibular ganglion
. Postganglionic secretomotor fibers got o submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

18
Q

Glossopharyngeal n. Parasympathetic pathway

A

. Preganglionic fibers arise from inf. Salivatory nucleus
. Travel in tympanic branch of CN IX and leave tympanic cavity as the lesser petrosal n.
. Preganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers go to parotid salivary gland

19
Q

Vagus n. Parasympathetic pathway

A

. Preganglionic fibers arise from 2 sites w/in the medulla oblongata
. Visceromotor fibers: nucleus ambiguous is source of visceromotor fibers that slow heart, inc. peristaltic wave of GI tract, and make other smooth m. Contract
. Secretomotor fibers: dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, source of secretory fibers to various autonomic ganglia that lie near thoracic and abdominal organs

20
Q

Ciliary ganglion

A

. Parasympathetic preganglionic secretomotor fibers leave brainstem in oculomotor n.
. Fibers in inf. Division of CN III branch anterosup. To ciliary ganglion (located lat. to large optic n.) near apex of orbit and synapse
. Postganglionic fibers leave ganglion w/ somatic sensory branches off nasociliary n. (Short ciliary nn.)

21
Q

Short ciliary nn.

A

. Contain sympathetic postganglionic fibers from ophthalmic a./internal carotid sympathetic plexuses
. Travel to the back of eyeball, pierce it, and deliver sensory, postganglionic parasympathetic and postganglionic sympathetic fibers to eyeball

22
Q

Pterygopalatine ganglion

A

. Parasympathetic Preganglionic secretofibers leave brainstem in facial n. That enters internal acoustic meatus
. Trifurcates w/in petrous temporal bone, primary branch exits through hiatus as greater petrosal n.
. Combined preganglionic parasympathetic and postganglionic sympathetic n. Enters pterygoid canal as n. Of the pterygoid canal (Vidian n.)
. Parasympathetic secretomotor fibers synapse w/ ganglion and course to sensory branches of maxillary n. To nasal and palatal mucosal glands, zygomaticotemporal n. And lacrimal n. To lacrimal gland
. Sympathetic fibers pass ganglion to distribute to same targets w/ CN V branches

23
Q

Greater petrosal n.

A

. Courses across foramen lacerum
. Merges w/ postganglionic sympathetic fibers carried in deep petrosal n. Coming off sympathetic plexus surrounding the internal carotid a.

24
Q

Vidian n.

A

. Exits into pterygopalatine fossa where it enters pterygopalatine ganglion assoc. w/ sensory branches of maxillary n. (Entered pterygopalatine fossa through foramen rotundum)

25
Q

Submandibular ganglion

A

. Parasympathetic Preganglionic secretomotor fibers leave brainstem in CN VII that enters internal acoustic meatus and trifurcates w/in petrous temporal bone
. Primary branch (chorda tympani) exits through the petrotympanic fissure post. To mandibular fossa
. Carries preganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers plus special sensory taste fibers to ant. 2/3 tongue thorough infratemporal fossa and joins w/ lingual n.

26
Q

Lingual n.

A

. Parasympathetic fibers synapse in submandibular ganglion
. Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers re-enter lingual n. To be distributed to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands (only time in head that parasympathetic fibers join a trigeminal branch prior to synapsing in their ganglion)

27
Q

Zones targeted by parasympathetic secretomotor fibers in CN VII

A

. All 3 zones of trigeminal innervation (orbit-lacrimal gland, midface-mucosal glands mandible0submandibular/sublingual glands)

28
Q

Otic ganglion

A

. Parasympathetic preganglionic secretomotor fibers leave brainstem in CN IX
. N. Exits neurocranium through jugular foramen, gives off tympanic branch carrying parasympathetic fibers
. Tympanic n. Re-enters skull via tympanic canal, passes to middle ear cavity forming tympanic plexus
. Leaves cavity ant. As lesser petrosal n. In petrosal temporal in lesser petrosal hiatus
. Lesser petrosal n. Leaves skul via foramen ovale and synapse on otic ganglion (med. surface CN V3)
. Postganglionic parasympathetic delivered to parotid in auriculotemporal n.
. Postganglionic sympathetic to parotid delivered on aa. Branches

29
Q

Simplified CN III parasympathetic pathway

A

. CN III
. Ciliary ganglion
. Short ciliary nn.
. Sphincter pupillae, ciliary mm.

30
Q

Simplified CN VII to pterygopalatine parasympathetic pathway

A 
. CN VII
. Greater petrosal n. 
. N. Of pterygoid canal 
. Pterygopalatine ganglion 
. Maxillary n. Branches 
. Nasal, palatal mucous glands and lacrimal gland (via zygomaticotemporal to lacrimal n.)
31
Q

Simplified CN VII to submandibular ganglion parasympathetic pathway

A 
. CN VII
. Chorda tympani 
. Lingual n. 
. Submandibular ganglion 
. Lingual n. 
. Submandibular and sublingual glands
32
Q

Simplified CN IX parasympathetic pathway

A 
. CN IX
. Tympanic n. 
. Tympanic plexus 
. Lesser petrosal n. 
. Otic ganglion 
. Auriculotemporal n. 
. Parotid gland
33
Q

Sympathetic innervation of eye

A

. T1-2
. Preganglionic synapse at sup. Cervical ganglion
. Course of fibers: internal carotid a. Plexus to ciliary ganglion to nasociliary n. Or along vessels
. Function: dilation of pupil, vasoconstriction, elevation of eyelid via tarsal n.

34
Q

Sympathetic innervation lacrimal gland

A

. T1-2
. Sup. Cervical ganglion site of synapse
. Corse: internal carotid a. Plexus, deep petrosal n., n. Pterygoid canal, pterygopalatine ganglion, lacrimal n.
. Functions: vasoconstriction

35
Q

Sympathetic innervation to parotid gland

A

. T1-2
. Synapse at sup. Cervical ganglia
. Course: external carotid a. Plexus, maxillary and middle meningeal a. Plexuses, otic ganglion, parotid branches
. Function: vasoconstriction

36
Q

Sympathetic innervation of submandibular and sublingual glands

A

. T1-4
. Synapse at all cervical ganglia
. Course: external carotid a. Plexus to submandibular ganglion to direct glandular filaments or along vessels
. Function: vasocontriction

Anatomy (49 decks)

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