Cranial Autonomics Flashcards
Parasympathetic secretomotor neurons innervate ____
. Mucosal glands
. 3 pairs of salivary glands
. Lacrimal gland
. Spinchter pupillae and ciliary mm. In eye
The sympathetic division innervates what components of head and neck?
. Vascular smooth m., sweat glands, and arrector pili mm.
. Dilator pupillae and sup. Tarsal m. In orbit
T/F both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers modulate glandular secretions, but differentially affect the composition of secretions
T
All sympathetic fibers in head or pre or postganglionic?
Postganglionic
. Originate from T1-L2 spinal cord segments in one of 3 cervical ganglion (mostly sup. Cervical ganglion)
Routes of distribution of postganglionic fibers from sup. Cervical ganglia
. Arteries
. Cranial n.
. Direct visceral branches
Sympathetic functions of head an neck
. Regulation of vasoconstriction
. Pupil dilation
. Eyelid elevation
. Sweating
Horner’s syndrome
. Interruption of sympathetics to head and neck from compression lesion of sympathetic trunk in sup. Mediastinum
. Have miosis (pupil constriction from dilator pupillae paralysis), ptosis, flushing of face, and hemianhydrosis (absence of sweating on affected side from lack of sympathetics)
Cranial preganglionic parasympathetic fibers merge from neurons originating in _____
4 nuclei w/in brainstem
Cranial nn. W/ parasympathetic fibers
. CN III, VII, IX, and X
. III, VII, and IX have 4 parasympathetic ganglia in the head (1 CN III, 2 for CN VII, 1 for CN IX)
. Closely assoc. w/ CN V and are delivered ot target organs in head and neck by hitchhiking on CN V branches
T/F the vagus has no named discrete ganglionic mass assoc. w/ it
T, it only has small diffuse ganglia in organ/target walls
Does the trigeminal n. Have intrinsic parasympathetic outflow?
F
. Only involved in distributing fibers
Function of parasympathetics in head and neck
. Affect secretion of lacrimal, salivary, and mucosal glands of oral and nasal cavities and sinuses
. Only smooth mm. Innervated by these fibers are the ciliary mm. And sphincter pupillae in eye
Vagus innervation to head and neck
. Has little parasympathetic innervation in head and neck
. Has some fibers that run to mucosal glands in pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus (not glands in upper pharynx, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses)
. Gives off cervical cardiac nn. In neck that pass into thorac and bring fibers to heart
General scheme of al 4 parasympathetic ganglia
. Sensory fibers from branch of CN V traverse each ganglion
. Postganglionic sympathetic fibers from sup. Cervical ganglion traverse each ganglion
. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers: synapse w/ cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons in ganglia, no synapses other than these occur in parasympathetic ganglia
Cranial nn. W/ parasympathetic outflow
. CN III
. CN VII
. CN IX
. CN X
CN III parasympathetic pathway
. Preganglionic fibers arise from neurons in Edinger-Westphal nucleus (midbrain) and leave brain stem in CN III
. Synapse in ciliary ganglion
. Postganglionic fibers innervate sphincter pupillae m. (Constricts pupil) and ciliary mm. (Accommodation of lens to near vision)
CN VII parasympathetic pathway
. 2 preganglionic components that arise from sup. Salivatory nucleus
. Fibers exit brainstem in nervous intermedius, pass through sensory geniculate ganglion
. Continue in the greater petrosal n. To reach and synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion
. Postganglionic secretomotor fibers go to lacrimal gland and the mucous glands of the nasal cavity and palate
. Sup. Salvatpry nucleus has Preganglionic fibers that exit nervus intermedius, continue in chorda tympani and then in lingual n. To reach and synapse in submandibular ganglion
. Postganglionic secretomotor fibers got o submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
Glossopharyngeal n. Parasympathetic pathway
. Preganglionic fibers arise from inf. Salivatory nucleus
. Travel in tympanic branch of CN IX and leave tympanic cavity as the lesser petrosal n.
. Preganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers go to parotid salivary gland
Vagus n. Parasympathetic pathway
. Preganglionic fibers arise from 2 sites w/in the medulla oblongata
. Visceromotor fibers: nucleus ambiguous is source of visceromotor fibers that slow heart, inc. peristaltic wave of GI tract, and make other smooth m. Contract
. Secretomotor fibers: dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, source of secretory fibers to various autonomic ganglia that lie near thoracic and abdominal organs
Ciliary ganglion
. Parasympathetic preganglionic secretomotor fibers leave brainstem in oculomotor n.
. Fibers in inf. Division of CN III branch anterosup. To ciliary ganglion (located lat. to large optic n.) near apex of orbit and synapse
. Postganglionic fibers leave ganglion w/ somatic sensory branches off nasociliary n. (Short ciliary nn.)
Short ciliary nn.
. Contain sympathetic postganglionic fibers from ophthalmic a./internal carotid sympathetic plexuses
. Travel to the back of eyeball, pierce it, and deliver sensory, postganglionic parasympathetic and postganglionic sympathetic fibers to eyeball
Pterygopalatine ganglion
. Parasympathetic Preganglionic secretofibers leave brainstem in facial n. That enters internal acoustic meatus
. Trifurcates w/in petrous temporal bone, primary branch exits through hiatus as greater petrosal n.
. Combined preganglionic parasympathetic and postganglionic sympathetic n. Enters pterygoid canal as n. Of the pterygoid canal (Vidian n.)
. Parasympathetic secretomotor fibers synapse w/ ganglion and course to sensory branches of maxillary n. To nasal and palatal mucosal glands, zygomaticotemporal n. And lacrimal n. To lacrimal gland
. Sympathetic fibers pass ganglion to distribute to same targets w/ CN V branches
Greater petrosal n.
. Courses across foramen lacerum
. Merges w/ postganglionic sympathetic fibers carried in deep petrosal n. Coming off sympathetic plexus surrounding the internal carotid a.
Vidian n.
. Exits into pterygopalatine fossa where it enters pterygopalatine ganglion assoc. w/ sensory branches of maxillary n. (Entered pterygopalatine fossa through foramen rotundum)
Submandibular ganglion
. Parasympathetic Preganglionic secretomotor fibers leave brainstem in CN VII that enters internal acoustic meatus and trifurcates w/in petrous temporal bone
. Primary branch (chorda tympani) exits through the petrotympanic fissure post. To mandibular fossa
. Carries preganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers plus special sensory taste fibers to ant. 2/3 tongue thorough infratemporal fossa and joins w/ lingual n.
Lingual n.
. Parasympathetic fibers synapse in submandibular ganglion
. Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers re-enter lingual n. To be distributed to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands (only time in head that parasympathetic fibers join a trigeminal branch prior to synapsing in their ganglion)
Zones targeted by parasympathetic secretomotor fibers in CN VII
. All 3 zones of trigeminal innervation (orbit-lacrimal gland, midface-mucosal glands mandible0submandibular/sublingual glands)
Otic ganglion
. Parasympathetic preganglionic secretomotor fibers leave brainstem in CN IX
. N. Exits neurocranium through jugular foramen, gives off tympanic branch carrying parasympathetic fibers
. Tympanic n. Re-enters skull via tympanic canal, passes to middle ear cavity forming tympanic plexus
. Leaves cavity ant. As lesser petrosal n. In petrosal temporal in lesser petrosal hiatus
. Lesser petrosal n. Leaves skul via foramen ovale and synapse on otic ganglion (med. surface CN V3)
. Postganglionic parasympathetic delivered to parotid in auriculotemporal n.
. Postganglionic sympathetic to parotid delivered on aa. Branches
Simplified CN III parasympathetic pathway
. CN III
. Ciliary ganglion
. Short ciliary nn.
. Sphincter pupillae, ciliary mm.
Simplified CN VII to pterygopalatine parasympathetic pathway
. CN VII . Greater petrosal n. . N. Of pterygoid canal . Pterygopalatine ganglion . Maxillary n. Branches . Nasal, palatal mucous glands and lacrimal gland (via zygomaticotemporal to lacrimal n.)
Simplified CN VII to submandibular ganglion parasympathetic pathway
. CN VII . Chorda tympani . Lingual n. . Submandibular ganglion . Lingual n. . Submandibular and sublingual glands
Simplified CN IX parasympathetic pathway
. CN IX . Tympanic n. . Tympanic plexus . Lesser petrosal n. . Otic ganglion . Auriculotemporal n. . Parotid gland
Sympathetic innervation of eye
. T1-2
. Preganglionic synapse at sup. Cervical ganglion
. Course of fibers: internal carotid a. Plexus to ciliary ganglion to nasociliary n. Or along vessels
. Function: dilation of pupil, vasoconstriction, elevation of eyelid via tarsal n.
Sympathetic innervation lacrimal gland
. T1-2
. Sup. Cervical ganglion site of synapse
. Corse: internal carotid a. Plexus, deep petrosal n., n. Pterygoid canal, pterygopalatine ganglion, lacrimal n.
. Functions: vasoconstriction
Sympathetic innervation to parotid gland
. T1-2
. Synapse at sup. Cervical ganglia
. Course: external carotid a. Plexus, maxillary and middle meningeal a. Plexuses, otic ganglion, parotid branches
. Function: vasoconstriction
Sympathetic innervation of submandibular and sublingual glands
. T1-4
. Synapse at all cervical ganglia
. Course: external carotid a. Plexus to submandibular ganglion to direct glandular filaments or along vessels
. Function: vasocontriction
